Access to Health Care Essay Example

Access to Health Care Essay Access to social insurance alludes to the individual’s capacity to get and utilize required administrations (Ellis Hartley, 2008). Access to human services influences a large number of individuals. Uninsured, underinsured, older, lower financial class, minorities, and individuals that live in remote regions are at the most elevated hazard for absence of access to human services. There are additionally prudent and political jobs that convolute access to human services. Access to medicinal services is a multi-faceted idea including geographic, financial aspects, or sociocultural issues. With my broad examination on access to human services, I plan to give impacts in regards to; who is influenced by absence of access, geographic, financial, sociocultural access, and political, lawful and moral ramifications. Prudent and political access to social insurance is in immense discussion as of now, from medicinal services change, Medicare, and Medicaid. Efficient and political access influences a large portion of the populace. Financial access is regularly subject to having a wellbeing plan or being qualified for one of the administration programs (Ellis Hartley, 2008). The U. S Census Bureau assesses that about 50. 7 million Americans don't presently have medical coverage (p. 24). Since the time its initiation, access to medicinal services has been a vigorously discussed theme both on a government and state level. The contention has been made for the usage of human services change because of the expanding number of uninsured and underinsured American residents. The World Health Organization (2006) evaluated that, â€Å"the best quality of wellbeing ought to be close enough to all, without qualification of race, religion, political conviction, and financial or social condition† (para. ). Ellis and Hartley (2008) call attention to, private insurance agencies raise deductibles and co-installments in endeavor to get patients to utilize benefits astutely. This sounds incredible in principle; in any case, lower salary families may defer or maintain a strategic distance from opportune consideration. Uninsured and underinsured residents are discovering it incredibly hard to pay for protection premiums and deductibles. This confines the consideration they can get, and at which establishments they approach. We will compose a custom exposition test on Access to Health Care explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom paper test on Access to Health Care explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom paper test on Access to Health Care explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer American residents with earlier fundamental wellbeing conditions or different issues are compelled to pay costly human services premiums, along these lines, keeping people from lower financial statuses to manage the cost of medical coverage. In 2007, 62. 1% of all insolvencies were clinical; 92% of these clinical account holders had clinical obligations over $5000 (American Journal of Medicine, 2009). Political impact assumes a gigantic job in access to social insurance; with medicinal services change, Americans can approach gain the inclusion required for appropriate human services. Be that as it may, concurring upon what medicinal services change will comprise of has been of specific contention among political pioneers. Democrats and Republicans have since a long time ago neglected to concur upon a shared agreement in regards to the future human services change. This long-standing distinction in belief system between these restricting groups has made passing new human services enactment troublesome. Another answer for access to medicinal services that has been proposed is, normalizing social insurance. Normalizing national medical coverage won't be a simple procedure. Various private-segment insurance agencies have a monetarily personal stake with their customers. Nationalizing social insurance would put the central government as an immediate contender against these organizations. U. S. residents would have the choice on buying private protection or protection offered by the administration, which could eventually influence private corporations’ result. Another gathering with enthusiasm for change and influenced by restricted access to social insurance is, maturing American residents. The old will see an extreme change in their Medicare benefits because of the administration cutting about $500 billion from the Medicare program (Himmelstein, Thorne, and Warren, 2009). This adjustment in advantages could cost senior residents generously more for similar administrations gave preceding the medicinal services change. Medicinal services change is extraordinarily expected to help the monetarily depleting Medicare framework. The developing concern with respect to the monetary security of Medicare is one exceptionally compelling to the about 72 million people born after WW2 that become qualified for this administration helped, and citizen supported, program throughout the following two decades. As indicated by the U. S. Enumeration Bureau (2010), there will be a quick increment in people born after WW2 somewhere in the range of 2010 and 2030, as the whole person born after WW2 populace move into the 65 years and over classification (p. 3). Political and budgetary modifications must be made to guarantee the security of Medicare as the quantities of people paying into this program are destined to be outperformed by the quantity of people drawing-off this program (U. S. Evaluation Bureau, 2010). The old are likewise off guard with transportation to social insurance visits, getting remedies, and restoration administrations. There should be a foundation of access not exclusively to essential consideration suppliers, clinics, and restoration administrations, yet access to different parts of the human services framework for the old populace. Sociocultural contrasts, as per Ellis and Hartley (2008), likewise influence get to. In the event that a patient feels awkward in a medicinal services setting identified with their financial status or they feel their convictions are not regarded, they are reluctant to utilize administrations given (Ellis Hartley, 2008). Mindfulness and affectability to various ways of life and convictions can diminish confusions and limit boundaries that meddle with ideal arrangement of patient-focused consideration and administrations. By working through built up network standards, building trust, and adequately applying social competency strategies; access will be inside better reach. The Amish people group is very enormous in southwest Missouri; the Amish trust in regular mending, and the Amish people group has a state if treatment will or won't be given. This is a case of regarding their â€Å"cultural† standard. As indicated by, Sharpnack, Griffin, Benders, Fitzpatrick (2010), â€Å"Spiritual and elective human services rehearses exist in all conventions and societies, testing the suspicions and care models utilized by medicinal services suppliers for societies outside the mainstream† (para. 1). Data about the assorted variety and commonness of practices in various societies should be routed to think about the patient as a â€Å"whole. Language obstruction among patients and human services suppliers additionally place restrains on access to social insurance. It is fundamental for human services suppliers to regard social contrasts and endeavor to give interpretation benefits, and give composed material in more than one language. Topographical acc ess to medicinal services is likewise a worry with respect to access to social insurance. Provincial territory medical clinics are thinking that its harder to contend and oversee monetarily; this is prompting a few terminations of emergency clinics (Ellis Hartley, 2008). Access to social insurance in a country network is likewise constrained by absence of rehearsing doctors and administrations being accessible in one territory (Ellis Hartley, 2008). Access to human services in urban zones has cause for worry also; monetarily discouraged territories of enormous urban areas have less social insurance suppliers (Ellis Hartley, 2008). As indicated by Hansen-Turton, Bailey, Torres, and Ritter (2010), â€Å"The deficiency of essential consideration doctors who care for grown-ups (in inner medication and family medication) is anticipated to arrive at 35,000 to 44,000 by 2025. † (p. 23) There have been incredible advances in the innovative part of medication. Access to medicinal services by method of electronic clinical records (EMRs) has opened the entryway for congruity of care. The EMR adds to a typical stage between various parts, for example, lab, radiology, requesting and results, electronic endorsing, medical clinic results and other documentation. This thus has made it simpler to relate a patients information and present it at the purpose of care. At the point when joined with the capacity to standardize information from various sources and effectively get to it over the Web, it empowers suppliers to profit by a total patient-focused record that makes a brought together, constantly refreshed perspective on every patient consideration scene. As per, Uzma, Mitchell, Day, and Hardin (2008), Electronic clinical records contain data on all parts of social insurance. Human services data frameworks gather a lot of printed and numeric data about patients, visits, medicines, doctor notes and so on. The electronic archives embody data that could prompt improvement in social insurance quality, advancement of clinical and exploration activities, decrease in clinical blunders and decrease in human services costs. (p. 52). With the progression of the EMR, a few clinics are permitting patients to approach their own clinical records. As per Frampton, Horowitz, and Stumpo (2009), â€Å"Open clinical record just means a formalized method of permitting patients to get to their clinical records. Its piece of a way of thinking of care dependent on the possibility that patients ought to have the decision to be associated with their care† (p. 59). An extra headway in innovation in medicinal services get to is telehealth. Innovation has now permitted attendant and doctors to â€Å"see† patients in their home by method of TV. â€Å"A National Library of Medicine survey revealed that 50,000 families were utilizing telecare benefits in 2006, and the number was expanding quickly. Most U. S. telemonitoring programs are for homebound more established grown-ups, veterans, or

Chicken run Essay

Official outline: 1998, Excel Poultry and Meat Sdn Bhd (EPM) was a SME situated in Kluang, Johor, working business of chicken cultivating and providing chicken all through Malaysia. This auxiliary of PCK holding since 2005 was overseen by Encik Selamat, a Certified Public Accountant (CPA). It got one of top 5 chicken providers inside mid-level makers in the nation because of expanding request in year 2000 from superstores and cheap food chains, high chicken utilization by Malaysian, and development of chicken industry. In any case, in 2008, cost of poultry creation expanded. EPM working money was low and extreme, that it â€Å"had baffled Encik Selamat† (p. 4). Different issues were likewise recognized. Chief: Credit Controller Ms Choy is the leader as she has the duty to settle on the correct choice with respect to dishonest lead of Encik Selamat, she can persuade Board regarding Directors about En. Selamat. On the off chance that she neglected to persuade BOD to make a move, she would then be able to uncover the issue to the evaluator, other than referencing to the examiner the absence of isolation of obligation in the business activity. She can execute and screen usage and execution of workers under her duty and persuade her companion, Puan Azura to do likewise. What should Ms. Choy do? Examination: 1) SWOT investigation S †STRENGTHS | W †WEAKNESSES | * One of top 5 chicken providers * Continuing benefit and development * Good special methodology * Qualified bookkeeper (Encik Kasim) * Reliable Credit Controller (Ms Choy) * Encik Selamat’s notoriety in community| * En. Selamat’s absence of skill in poultry and meat industry * 2008’s operational emergency * Lack of focal point of business activity * Cash stream issue * Conflict of premium * Possible mistake/extortion/imaginary exchange * En. Selamat’s association | O †OPPORTUNITIES | T †THREATS | * Malaysians’ most elevated utilization rates * Popular snappy assistance eateries * East Coast Economics Region (ECER) * Emerging of mammoth superstores * Institutional retailing| * Production cost had ascended around 56. 5% * Drop popular * Credit cutoff of Cold Gold| The organization has solid situation in the business as it is one of top 5 chicken providers. This implies EPM has a major part of the piece of the pie in the business. EPM likewise is solid for its continued benefit and development. EPM had the option to keep up its tasks and began making benefit since the light interest of chicken utilization. In addition, with starting capital of RM3. 6 million and beginning with 20 representatives, presently, EPM had in excess of 200 workers. Busy with great special procedure, EPM’s supervisory group took advantage of each open door in the business. In addition, EPM has fit key workers, which two of them are a certified bookkeeper, Encik Kasim and a solid Credit Controller, Ms Choy. These representatives contribute essentially towards the activity of EPM particularly in the money area. What's more, Encik Selamat’s notoriety in network is a solid impact of EPM towards the general public where EPM was based. He was an open figure that will be challenged in the nearby city gathering. En. Selamat’s absence of ability in poultry and meat industry contributed a negative component in EPM as En. Selamat need to pick up abilities and skill in the business. Despite the fact that he was particularly stressed over the current ominous state of EPM, his involvement with this industry may not be adequate. In addition, 2008’s operational emergency of EPM put En. Selamat away from a smooth profession track as recorded before 2008. EPM was absence of focal point of business activity as it was at the newborn child stage but then to develop in a legitimate technique for the executives. Next, inside EPM, there was income issue and the organization needed to fall back on momentary acquiring which exposed to higher intrigue installment commitments. There was irreconcilable circumstance between Encik Selamat’s individual arrangement with Encik Azman, previous school mate which was one of the official of Cold Gold and the company’s intrigue. Cold Gold was one of EPM’s significant clients. This relationship may hinder En. Selamat’s judgment. In EPM, a couple of conceivable mistake/extortion/imaginary exchanges were distinguished, particularly the anomalies in debtors’ account. The indications lead to an end that it was brought about by the previous worker of EPM, En. Munir. Another factor that can be considered as EPM’s shortcoming point is En. Selamat’s association with parent organization of EPM, PCK Holding, where En. Selamat may have the option to make sure about his situation in EPM in spite of the difficult he made without confronting any discipline. The business is in a significant potential market where Malaysians’ most elevated utilization paces of poultry and meat item. Malaysia was having one of the most elevated per capita utilization rates on the planet †for chicken (32. 5 kg) and eggs (298 units) †and there were no dietary disallowances (during these years) and strict limitations against chicken utilization. Notwithstanding family unit and conventional rarities request, the flood of well known snappy assistance eateries from outside Malaysia and home-developed cheap food chains strengthened the market. Other than being the perceived poultry exporter, the business was bolstered by the legislature through the East Coast Economics Region (ECER) as the poultry division was a piece of the arrangement. Developing of goliath superstores and institutional retailing likewise improved the splendid eventual fate of the business. Notwithstanding the good circumstances in the market, EPM confronted danger of chicken feed which coming about the creation cost to ascend around 56. 5%. Alliance of Livestock Farmers’ Associations of Malaysia (FLFAM) caused a call at higher chicken costs so as to ensure producers’ gaining even with feed cost climb. Be that as it may, when the venders increased the retail cost, a few makers whined that they seen a drop popular. Another danger was the credit furthest reaches of Cold Gold Sdn Bhd which had surpassed its level. This has critical impact to the organization as Cold Gold is one of EPM’s significant clients increased with different issues looked by EPM. Augmentation underway cost Drop sought after Low income High intrigue cost INABILITY TO PREDICT ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE and FORCAST CONSEQUENCES: LACK OF COORDINATION IN CONTROL AND REPORTING: Credit limit control Debtor affirmation Misstatement Lack of isolation of obligation LACK OF COMMITMENT FROM SENIOR MANAGEMENT: Lack of skill Lack of center Conflict of intrigue Unethical conduct Reluctance in making a move LOW PERFORMANCE 2) Fishbone outline As per Peter Drucker, â€Å"management is doing things right; authority is doing the privilege things†. Therefore, the significant issue for this situation is chaotic administration which prompts awful execution of the organization. EPM confronted issue as it neglects to get responsibility from senior administration. As a pioneer, Encik Selamat was missing of skill in poultry industry, effectively engaged with social and network work as opposed to concentrating more on business activity like, had irreconcilable situation (office issue) while taking care of credit limit issue, and had under table arrangement with the customer. Executive himself had indicated absence of initiative ability and moral mindfulness as he kept quiet in regards to the unscrupulous conduct of Encik Selamat and had more worry on notoriety than moral direct. Also, the board of EPM is missing of coordination in charge and announcing. This can be seen from the seriousness of lacking income which was seen just when noteworthy borrowings had been made, high costs, and misfortune brought about. Absence of isolation of obligation additionally had given wide open door for error by representatives. At last, EPM neglects to foresee natural change with respect to cost of creation that prompts low benefit making as EMP didn't make any readiness or back-up plan to defeat such issues. 3) Financial Evidence on the activity of EPM: Financial Ratio Ratio| Formula| 2006| 2007| 2008| Interpretation| GP proportion (%)| (GP/Sales)*100| 5. 4845| 1. 6542| 1. 0814| Due to increase in COGS, EPM is benefitting just 1 penny for each dollar of item sold in 2008| Inventory turnover ratio| COGS/Inventory| 16. 6774| 36. 0667| 28. 4962| EPM is turning over its stock by and large, 3 times each month in 2007 while this decreases to two times every month in 2008. | AR turnover ratio| Net deals/AR| 4. 3071| 3. 3957| 2. 8808| EPM takes around 3 months to gather its obligation in 2006, while it takes over 4 months in 2008. | Days to gather AR| 365/AR turnover ratio| 84. 7441| 107. 49| 126. 702| | Description of case display (Account theoretical): %Increase| 06to07| In 2007, cost expanded while income didn't build a lot, and working misfortune was recorded as retail cost was just expanded in August 2008. Along these lines, augmentation of income from in 2008 by 36. 16% relates with increase in cost in that year. Costs took 30% of working benefit in 2006 while it took double the working benefit in 2008. This may be because of intrigue installment made for transient obtaining. Augmentation in exchange receivable may not be the genuine sum as there were instances of error. Stock in 2008 was higher because of lower request. 07to08| Rev| 0. 57| 36. 16| COGS| 4. 64| 36. 95| Oper profit| - 69. 67| - 10. 99| Exp| 37. 50| 45. 45| Net| - 108. 64| - 315. 79| Trade rec| 27. 56| 60. 49| Stock| - 51. 61| 73. 33| Trade cr| 62. 16| 50. 00| Alternatives accessible to the hero: Option 1: Ms. Choy can decide not to reveal the issues that she figured out how to examine inside EPM. This will profit in sparing the notoriety of the organization out in the open just as the General Manager, Encik Selamat to make sure about his notoriety in the coming city committee political race. In addition, Ms. Choy can legitimize her activity of not bringing the issue up as Encik Selamat is a significant staff of EPM and she had done her part by

Free Essays on Reaction To War Letters

in the letters, however, are so earnest and moving as a rule that it appears to be far-fetched that, truth be told, a male wrote this sincere letter. Their solitary expectation is that the war they are engaged with will be done soon and they can be back in the caring arms of their families. The likewise compose of the barren depression that appears to expend their life for quite a while. As though these sentiments of pai... Free Essays on Reaction To War Letters Free Essays on Reaction To War Letters Response to War Letters† I am extremely happy that I was acquainted with this book called War Letters. The book truly gives center around the enthusiastic side of guys. It has been for some time realized that men, on numerous events, experience difficulty communicating their inclination, and at last what they need. In this exceptional work, the records and memories of the troopers truly give the peruser a feeling of how wartime was around then. For instance, a portrayal of a Civil War fight is altogether different from a Korean War fight, and it is genuinely ready to perceive in light of the exceptional wording of the officers. By and large this book truly offers understanding to the distinctive male feelings and gives the peruser a thought of the value that customary men pay to cause us to appreciate the opportunity that we have today. The men who present to us the arresting stories of war are the same as any normal resident today. These men were limited by their readiness for opportunity in the phase of fight and would let nothing stop them to accomplish this opportunity. The men are fathers, siblings, and children who are off battling for their families and battling for the opportunity that their family right now has. Beside some amazing figures, for example, Clara Barton, Teddy Roosevelt, and Douglas MacArthur, propositions letters are fundamentally normal warriors or marines. A large portion of the men composing are frightened and achy to go home, with just these letters to keep their spirits high. They compose of the hardships of fight in enlightening wording. They compose of their affection for their significant other and kids, or sweetheart. The words in the letters, however, are so earnest and moving as a rule that it appears to be impossible that, truth be told, a male wrote this ardent letter. Their solit ary expectation is that the war they are associated with will be done soon and they can be back in the caring arms of their families. The likewise compose of the forlorn depression that appears to devour their life for quite a while. As though these sentiments of pai...

Operations Management Zellers Essay

What serious need is significant for a rebate store, for example, Zellers? Cost is the most significant serious need for a markdown store, for example, Zellers. So as to perform seriously as a rebate store, the association must stress low working expenses. With this need, Zellers can create at low expenses in contrast with contenders and offer items at low costs so as to address customer issues and become a request champ. 2. Three conventional techniques are ease, specialty market, and item separation. What one of these techniques was Zellers utilizing before 1998? After 1998? Before 1998, Zellers was utilizing a minimal effort technique. The organization focused on spending plan disapproved of purchasers with the trademark â€Å"Where the Lowest Price is the Law.† notwithstanding wild contention from WalMart entering the serious scene and different operational weaknesses, Zellers settled on a few key choices and changes. After 1998, Zellers was utilizing a specialty advertise system, by changing its crucial become a â€Å"mom’s store.† Zellers concentrated on offering reasonable incentive to customers, instead of the most reduced cost. The organization moved away from the minimal effort dynamic of its self-administration approach by putting resources in the process of childbirth, having a few client support colleagues on the floor. It likewise centered around putting resources into increasingly well known brands and private mark items. To the company’s disservice, apparently Zellers rolled out these key improvements so as to co ntend all the more straightforwardly with WalMart, as they moved away from limits towards offering regular low costs on 95% of its product.

Next Steps For the Deferred

Next Steps For the Deferred On Saturday we released decisions for Early Action (EA) applicants. There was a definitive resolution for those students who were admitted or denied in EA. Deferred students, however, will have to wait a little longer as we reconsider their cases in Regular Action (RA). Ive had a number of deferred students write in with questions so I wanted to post a quick entry that answered some of them publicly. What new stuff should I send? The only new thing you need to send in is the February Updates and Notes form. Youll use the FUN form to tell us your midyear grades and anything new that has happened or will happen. As always, you can send us stuff via email or mail, but the FUN form is the best way to update us. The FUN form is due by February 15th. You may  still submit a supplemental portfolio, but you do not need to; I would only consider this if you were planning to do so during EA but ran out of time. If you are retaking tests in December or January, you may also designate MIT as a score recipient and well add them to your application. You may not rewrite your essays, redo your interview, redo your entire applicationanything like that. We deferred you because we want to reconsider your application (the one you have already sent) in RA. What are my chances in Regular Action? Once we defer you, you are automagically reconsidered when we reconvene the admissions committees for RA next spring. You are at no advantage nor disadvantage for having been deferred in EA. Nobody, not even me, can accurately gauge your chance of being admitted to MIT. With that said, in the last few years we have admitted between 150-300 students in RA who were initially deferred in EA. Thats a small number, but to be honest, so is the number of RA applicants who are admitted. Its hard to get into MIT. Being deferred means youre going to get another fair shot. Bloggers who were deferred and then admitted (and blogged about it) include Hamsika and Lydia, and I would recommend reading about their experiences. Can I call / email / owl in to find out why I was deferred? No. We wont tell you, because we cant. We make decisions collaboratively, in committees, and no one person has access to the reason (or set of reasons) why anyone was deferred as opposed to admitted or denied. Having done this for some time now, I can tell you it is almost never one thing which, if only it had been otherwise, the decision would be different. I understand this ambiguity can be difficult, but most selective processes are characterized by this kind of complexity. My advice would be to send in the FUN form and then focus on anything other than MIT (other college apps, your classes, your clubs, your navel, whatever) until we release RA decisions. As Lydia commented in the deferred open thread: I actually do agree that the best thing you can do is to focus on things that are not MIT (or other college) admissionsIf I could do things over, I wouldnt think about MIT at all in the months between getting deferred and March.   Do this thing, this thing that Lydia said (hint: this is good life advice generally). Im an RA Applicant, but I read this post anyway; what do I do? You are very sneaky. Just follow the instructions and deadlines  as weve written them. Please note that at this point the deadline to schedule an interview has passed. How can I contact the office if I must? Same ways as always (this goes for RA applicants too). You may comment on this entry, where Ill try to answer new questions (and perhaps update this post) over the next couple of days. You may also call us (617.253.3400) or email us (admissions [at] mit [dot] edu). Ill be on vacation for awhile starting this Wednesday to rest my eyes and brain. From Thursday, December 25th, to Monday, January 5th, the entire office will be shut down for the holidays, which means our reception center in 10-100 will be closed and our phones will be off. Some of our staff will be working overtime to answer emails during that period, but there may be some delay due to the holidays, so please be patient. Looking forward to (re)considering your applications in January!

My Favorite Tree, Free Descriptive Essay Sample

My Favorite Tree When I was a child, I liked climbing up the mango trees growing in our small neighbourhood. Summer vacations were my most anticipated season where the mango trees were bearing the most fruit. Given my little weight back then, I would be the one reaching the highest fruits hanging on thinner branches with my net. Of course I would very mindful of my steps as one wrong move, and I would break my bones at the foot of the tree. Also I would need to take extra care in not disturbing the lines of huge, red ants. Fortunately in my mango tree climbs, I did not so much as fell from the tree. I could already guess by sight if a particular branch could not hold my weigh so I that I could adjust my path to the mangoes. It was like reaching out for the green trophy in the sky. My friends below would be holding a long cloth where to catch the fruits. After gathering the fruits, I would take home my share. Papa would rinse these with water to get rid of the sticky sap. He would prepare our favourite dip: a mixture of soy sauce, sugar and chilli, Sometimes we would have bagoong for our dip, or the sautà ©ed shrimp paste. My younger sibling on the other hand, was fond of making brown sugar for the dip. Papa used to say that the most nutritious part of the fruit was its skin, so we preferred eating the green, unripe mangoes without peeling it. Or even if we peeled the unripe mangoes, we would still be eating its skin. The sour mango was ideal for us as appetizer. Meanwhile if we wanted sweet mangoes for deserts, we would just buy from the public market. On a fruit, its sweetness was measured in terms of the brix scale, as it could be used to measure minerals in the sap such as sugar (â€Å"Use the Brix Scale†¦Ã¢â‚¬  n.d.). Guimaras’ Super Galila mango, one of the most popular sweet mango exportable worldwide, had 22.3 brix score, which was literally tasting sugar juice (â€Å"Guimaras Super Galila†, 2016). There were about six (6) known mango varieties in the Philippines, and the Indian mango variety was the most common and popularly known as a street food. The mango trees grown in our neighbourhood were the usual Indian mango variety. This mango variety, coming from India’s Alphonso Mango, was most common in the suburban areas as it could grow anywhere and could adapt to the tropical climate. The fruit was round-shaped with thick flesh, slight tart, firm and fibrous flesh. Then there was also the Carabao mango variety (manggang kalabaw in Filipino) which was known as champagne mango. When raw, this was sour and green. When ripe, this would become   orange-yellow and very sweet. Its flesh was very tender and juicy with very few fibers. This variety had been developed into different strains exportable worldwide. Next was the apple mango variety which had similar characteristics as the Indian mango, only bigger and with a reddish tinge on one part. Fourth variety was the horse m ango (manggang kabayo) which had an elongated shape and best eaten raw. Its taste was tartly and it had firm flesh and large seed. The fifth variety was the pajo or pahutan mango which was very sweet, juicy, and fibrous. Then there was the evergreen mango which retained its green color when ripe. One could tell if this was overripe as yellow specks around the fruit would be noticeable. It had a round shape, with taste and texture similar to the carabao mango. And lots of other mango varieties not anymore mentioned here (Shellany, 2017). I have not tasted most of the mangoes in the list, as they would either be more expensive or could not be found in our local markets. Aside from the sweet fruits offered by the mango tree, its wood could also be made into furniture. When I was a child, we used to have a mango tree shading the roof of our house. It gave a cool climate inside the house despite the scorching summer heat. Only when the rains came, we had to spray on insecticides on the walls or paint them with paints with insect-repellent formulas the caterpillars would start crawling on them. When the small lot where the tree was planted was sold, the mango tree had to be cut down. Being the resourceful person that he was, Papa used the wood from the mango tree for our tables and chairs. As I had plenty of books at home, Papa also built bookshelves for me out of mango wood. Up until now these furniture were intact. For decades, mango wood was known to be a sustainable resource for furniture in the Southeast Asia where it was most common. Mango trees grow quickly. In fact, it could reach up to a thousand feet in height and three feet in diameter within twenty years. Rather than discard of the timber, farmers cut the trees down so they could use the wood. New trees were planted before the older ones stop bearing fruit (â€Å"Mango Wood Editorial,† 2015). Every time there would be trees to be cut nearby to give room for the roads – more often than not, the trees were mango trees – Papa would ask permission from the owners of the trees (if there were any) to take home the mango wood. Then he would make more furniture out of these woods for home use. He would also make his roosters’ shelter out of mango wood. Watching him work made me imagine what could be the commercial value for the furniture he produced. How about in the local industry? How is the mango wood local industry doing now? This could make a very lucrative for the locals, and they would be given local jobs. Also this could be a display for local talents on craftsmanship for furniture. They would not need to travel too far in order to work, as they could already produce products within their localities. It would just be matter of the government promoting local industries such as this in order to give jobs to the people. Also, the government could be supp orting this industry by providing power tools and machineries for production and inviting investors to more local investments. Our products could be even made exportable. I was saying all of this because right now Papa was aboard a cruise ship as a crew, and he would stay there for nine months. I had imagined what if he was producing his own furniture and make business out of it? Would he even need to stay away from us, his family, in order to earn? What about if I could help him produce furniture out of mango wood? But every time I passed by a mango tree, I could not help but admire its simplicity amidst the suburban setting. The mango tree, so common yet still so beautiful, was my favourite tree. Sources: Shellany, A. (2017). Mango mania: The different varieties of the Philippine mango. Retrieved: 1 January 2018 from https://steemit.com/food/@shellany/mango-mania-the-different-varieties-of-the-philippine-mango Mango Wood Editorial design story. (2015). Retrieved: 1 January 2017 from https://www.swooneditions.com/blog/mango-wood-editorial-design-story/ Why mango wood is the best choice for sustainable furniture. (2016). Retrieved: 1 January 2017 from http://worldwidehomefurnishingsinc.com/blog/2016/11/why-mango-wood-is-the-best-choice-for-sustainable-furniture/ Guimaras Super Galila, the sweetest Carabao mango.   (2016). Retrieved: 1 January 2017 from http://www.philstar.com/agriculture/2016/01/03/1538636/guimaras-super-galila-sweetest-carabao-mango Use The Brix Scale Below to Measure Vegetable Quality. (n.d.). Retrieved: 1 January 2017 from http://www.healthy-vegetable-gardening.com/brix-scale.html

The EU Enlargement Process Analysis - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 11 Words: 3394 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Statistics Essay Did you like this example? The aim of the group is to gain a first class mark. We want this report to represent our ability to work efficiently together in a group. We endeavoured to produce an end product, which is concise and thorough, highlighting the enlargement aspects of the EU. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The EU Enlargement Process Analysis" essay for you Create order Our objective is therefore to fully research all areas of the EU enlargement, as our question is à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Enlargement rationale; How much bigger should the EU expand and why?à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ Upon completion of this report the goal is to have gained a broader knowledge on the European Union (EU) as a whole and have a good understanding of current major issues. Methodology The EU enlargement process is very rigorous. In the past the European Union has undergone many rounds of enlargement (see fig 1). But to what conditions and guidelines must candidate nations comply by? The main guideline is the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Copenhagen Criteriaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ which was signed on 21st/22nd June, 1993. This states that by the time candidates join, they must according to the Folketing EU Information centre: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“[Have] achieved stability of institutions guaranteeing democracy, the rule of law, human rights and respect for and protection of minorities, the existence of a functioning market economy as well as the capacity to cope with competitive pressure and market forces within the unionà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? (Folketing, conclusions of the presidency). These criterion were laid down by the heads of state and government of the member states at the European council meeting in Copenhagen in 1993 (ibid). In outline the Copenhagen Criteria can be divided into three conditions, which form the minimum entry requirements, before a country is considered for EU membership. These are: The political criterion i.e. democracy, rule of law, human rights and respect and protection for minorities. The economic criterion i.e. a functioning market economy and must be capable of withstanding the pressure of competition and market forces in the European Union. The criterion presupposing the ability to incorporate one entire body of laws and regulations of the EU à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"aquis communautairÃÆ' ©Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ (Source à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Folketing EU Information centre) The country must be able to assume all the obligations flowing from membership, including the aim of political, economic and monetary union (ibid). After all of these requirements, the country is à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"screenedà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ and if approved, the Council of the European Union and its country draft a à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Treaty of Accessionà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢. This then goes to the European Commission and European Parliament ratifications and approval. If successful after this process, the nation is able to become a member of the EU (About.com). à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Screeningà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? is the first step in the negotiations stage, when considering a country for membership (EU Commission). Ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s an in depth analysis of the EU laws with which the candidate country must abide by (known as the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"aquisà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢). A screening report is then drawn up for each country (ibid). Negotiations take place at ministerial level between permanent representatives for EU countries, and ambassadors or chief negotiators for candidate countries. But why do countries want to join the EU in the first place? This question is asked by Clive Lindley of the Central Europe express (Charles Jenkins, 2000). This author quotes an American journalist as writing à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“What does Europe want to be when it grows up?à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? Julie Smith, Head of the European programme at the Royal institute for international affairs, also begins to explore the boundaries at which the expansion of the will be no longer feasible. She states that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“How [will] the EU be able to function with thirty or more member statesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? (Charles Jenkins, 2000). According to her, it is a à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“problem that clearly exercised many of Europeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s leading politicians in 2000. 3.0 When the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"European Coal and Steel Communityà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ was created in 1957 it was with an aspiration to form a trading block of peace and economic prosperity. For more than half a century, the current European Union has exerted its soft power, attracting almost every country in Europe and completed six successful enlargement rounds (fig 1). (fig 1 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" source:à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦) After the fall of the Iron Curtain in 1989, Central Eastern European Countries (CEECà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s) started to show interest in applying for EU membership (EU27 on enlargement). As a result of this, the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Copenhagen Criteriaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ was set out in December 1993 declaring the requirements that any potential country wishing to join the EU, would need to meet. This was the first time the EU had made a clear commitment to enlargement, and provided Europe with evidence of their engagement in becoming a bigger and more influential trading block (Lippert et all 2001). Since then, as shown in the timeline, the EU has expanded substantially, and includes today a total of 27 member states. This leaves only 14 European countries (excluding Russia) as non members, four of which are candidate countries, five potential candidates, two who have been declined membership, two with an ENP Action Plan and one with not many EU relations. The size of any further EU enlargement is therefore confined by the borders of Europe and the enlargement rationale, is determined by the economic opportunities and the promotion of security in these 12 remaining countries (Nugent 2004). 4.0 In this part of the report we are going to discuss the economic side of the EU enlargement. Firstly we will be taking a more statistical approach in evaluating the economy. We will then take some candidate countries, and discuss what will happen if they join the EU. Since 1994, when the 10+2 candidate countries was selected they have had significant progress in their economy, they have gained an average growth of 1.3/2.1% GDP per year in between 1994-2004 (European Commission, 2001) but more importantly their GDP would have reduce by 0.1% if they was not chosen as candidate countries( Maliszewska 2003). This showed that the economy was developing quickly, many factors contributed to this including Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), imports and exports. Intra trading plays an important part in EU enlargement allowing companies to take advantage of comparative advantages in new Member States and candidate countries. Intra trading has increase from only accounting for a third of EUà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s trading in 1960, EU-6, to over 70% of EUà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s trade in 2007, EU-25. Intra trading encourages competition, and enhances productivity and efficiency within the EU. With additional new Member States the EU is now the largest trading bloc importing and exporting 16.7% and 18.8% respectively, where as the US is only exporting 11.1% and importing 17.4% (IMF, EUROSTAT 2009). This gives the EU more power when discussing trade policies at the WTO and more influence on the global economy. FDI plays an important part of EU enlargement and the new Member States GDP growth because an increase of FDI would increase the level of investment, employment and productivity. Breuss (2009) estimated that FDI inflows gave the new States and Member extra growth of 1.75 % GDP on average from period 2000-2008, moreover Bulgaria and Romania could gain an additional 0.5% GDP up to 2020. But other research has shown even though the candidate countries can attract high level of FDI they might not necessarily be able to maintain it, for example in years 2001 and 2002 Cyprusà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s FDI inflow rate actually fell by over half and in Malta FDI was actually reversed. Using Bosnia and Herzegovina as an example if they were to become a member of the EU, the old Member States might have more confident to invest in them, thus rising their FDI rate and unemployment rate, which are the two main underlying issues relating to the economy factors although some issues has to be resolved first like distorted wages setting and low labour mobility which are both halting job creations and the labour market. Also in Albania unemployment rate is high due to the lack of health and safety regulations which could drive foreign investors away, even though they have currently approved for a strategy for health and safety it will be awhile before it will fully take effect. From these 2 examples it shows that even though candidate countries have the economy benefits of an EU member such as free trade, but with different underlying issues in each country preventing them from further economic growth it will be a long time before any candidate countries are near the level of expansion. Therefore in conclusion from the economic overview and evidence I think that it is too early for talks about enlarging the EU further and with the 2008 global recession still in effect I think that even if the EU was to expand it would not be in short future and they will have to be extremely careful with the next enlargement. 5.0 This part of the report is going to be discussing the possible benefits, conflicts and problems that enlargement may cause to the citizens of the EU, the existing member states of the EU and the EU at a global level. In the past, the citizens of the EU didnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t have as much freedom or possibilities to travel freely as they do now. But since the events of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“the fall of the iron curtainà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? or in any of the EU enlargement rounds, more citizens have agreed that the living standards in the Central and Eastern Europe has improved and that the changes from these events have brought more freedom to everybody within Europe (View on European Enlargement à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Analytical Report). However some citizens have voted that they feel more insecure after enlargement and believes that it has contributed to redundancies and job loss in their country (View on European Enlargement à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Analytical Report). For instance, in Britain, over the past 2 years 139, 000 immigrants have found jobs where as the number of British workers have dropped by 654, 000 (The Daily Mail) also critics say that the pressure from high levels of immigration on housing, public tra nsport, water and energy is highly damaging (The Daily Mail). So it seems that enlarging would mainly benefit the citizens of the CEECà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s more than the original EU15à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s citizens as they are able to freely move within the EU and are able to find work elsewhere. Enlarging the EU may abolish arguments and disputes between conflicting countries, and could mean that they will have stronger relationships in the future i.e. Charles de Gaulle, who was French President at the time opposed the UKà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s application in both 1961 and 1967 because he believed that the UK was going to attempt to thwart his desire to place France at the centre of the European stage (European Union Enlargement). When France changed their President in 1969 to Georges Pompidou, the UK was finally accepted into the EU for full membership (BOOK). Now in 2010 with France electing a new President, he and the Prime Minister of the UK have joined forces and have both signed a Defence Co-Operation Treaty (MoD), this shows positive progress of enlargement and that it could build a stronger EU. At the core of the EU is the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“single marketà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?, the aim of it is to allow all member states to be able to trade fairly and communicate with each other with ease (Business Link), and if trades are successful it will build trust and reliability between countries à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" which would build stronger relationships within the EU. Enlarging would mean more members to trade with, more communication across the globe and in past events and has effectively shown an increase in the EUà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s weight in world politics à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" also making it a stronger world power (PDF). Sometimes in the EU, there will be problems that canà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t be resolved, this may make some members want to leave the EU and propose a referendum. For example, each member state is allocated a certain number of seats within the European Parliament (EP), which effectively means how much influence they have within the EU. In 2004 Denmark had 16 seats before the EU became the EU25, after they enlarged Denmarkà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s seat allocation had decreased to only 14 (book), enlarging again could mean that they would lose even more seats in the EP and more influence within the EU altogether, they may not be very happy about this and could propose a referendum as they may feel that they are being treated unfairly. In conclusion, even if one country decides to leave due to enlargement, the EU wouldnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t suffer that much as they would have new members coming in and would still have the other existing member states to run the EU. So this report supports the act of enlargement as it will give the EU citizens more freedom and possibilities to travel, may produce stronger relationships between countries and would make the EU a stronger world power. 6.0 This section looks at the security of the EU by analysing the major security threat to the EU today, terrorism. It aggregates the findings of past reports to make sure the safety of the EU citizens is not over looked when deciding whether the EU should expand. It will look at the following in this order- European defence and security policy (EDSP),-Organised crime (OC) and its links to terrorism,-Candidate countries progress. Due to the nature of the topics the information used is mostly of official report base as independent reports have lacked technology and resources to reference and back up their findings especially within the rarely traceable OC and terrorism domains. European defence and security policy pushes for increases in EU military cooperation and joint missions. There have been joint missions to Afghanistan to the terrorism war zones and 3200 EU personnel are currently deployed on joint missions (C.Ashton EDA bulliten 2009). Increasing cooperation at external borders are also main policies, whilst increasing links with EU police forces is also part of policies to help combat terrorism. (EU presidency report 2009) (EDA head report to council 2010) OC and links to terrorism is a major issue. Organised crime is large inside the EU and also externally, trying to enter the EU. Drug trafficking, the exploitation of human beings and illegal migration, fraud, Euro counterfeiting, commodity counterfeiting and money laundering, are all the major OC areas. (Europol OCTA report 2009). A country which the EU allows in must be able to tackle these problems because undoubtedly the Schengen Area, the abolition of the filter border control to the movement of goods, services, capital and people, facilitates criminals, because once in the territory of one member state, they can move freely to the destination of the criminal markets. (A.SACCONE 2006). (Europol OCTA2009) points out the links between OC and Terrorism. It explains that terrorism uses it for funding. A recent (SkyNews) documentary shows Middle Eastern terrorist explaining that they create funds through OC. Any expansion of the EU to a country which canà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t handle a po ssible increase in organised crime could increase funding of terrorism, which at the moment the EU is part of fighting a war against. There needs to be emphasis on improving links between military and police forces to tackle this problem. (A.SACCONE 2006) (Europol OCTA2009) Candidate Countries progress reports analyse their current situation. In the following reports it is chapter 24 of the EU rationale which analyses Security. Croatia has set up very good training and systems to regulate borders and has started cooperating with Bosnia and Herzegovina. But Croatia lacks officer numbers to tackle OC. (Croatia progress report 2009-10). (The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedoniaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s progress report 2009-10) finds that, police and military officerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s skill and ability levels are high and they are capable to tackle organised crime and terrorism. They can also handle borders very well, although bad internal cooperation between institutions, decreases success dramatically. In Turkey there havenà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t been improvements in border control, tackling organised crime or investigating and tackling terrorism. There are no steps expected in the future to change this at the moment. (Turkey progress report 2009-10) Croatia and The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, have good links with Europol and EU militaries whilst Turkey has failed to do this because of its lack of data protection laws. (Candidate progress reports 2009-10) In Conclusion of this section EDSP aims to increase EU military cooperation, and links between military and police. EDSP is trying to create a more secured coordinated EU and it is presenting very possible positive steps. With increased joint military missions there may be potential increases in terrorist threats to EU members and also future EU members. OC needs to be a number one target so we can fight terror at its root. Current candidates to join the EU must be prepared to tackle OC and an increase in OC before we accept them. An increase in depth to chapter 24 before we allow them to join is needed. Turkey poses major risk without data protection laws because of the demand on links between police and military. External borders need to be regulated more to stop threats getting i whilst internal borders need better regulation to stop facilitation of OC which links to terrorism. This highlights a need for a review of the Schengen area. From a security analyses I would not expand th e EU, because the major threats have new dimensions and candidates to join are not prepared for them. 7.0 Since the negations for Turkeyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s accession into the EU began in 2005, rather than seeing a speeding up of the process there has been a slowing down. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“To date only 13 of 33 chapters of negotiations for Turkeyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s accession have been opened, and only one, on science and research, completed. Nineteen have been frozen, over the issue of Cyprus, or due to other objections by EU members.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? (Head, 2010) Since Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan was elected in 2003, he identified Turkeys EU entry as a top priority, pledging reforms to make Turkey more democratic and pluralist and bring it in line with the Unions membership criteria (www.setimes.com) However, the biggest challenge now; from those working on Turkeys EU bid is having no certainty of membership in the end. This has all but killed public enthusiasm for Turkey to join the EU. (Euro-Dialogue, 2009.) Figure . Turkish Prime minister: Recep Tayyip Erdogan Further supporting this statement was the response of Hulya Kars Lamb a 2nd year Criminology and Forensic Science student at Manchester Metropolitan University and native Turk. When asked how she felt about Turkey joining the EU, she commented; à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“The public who are already poor will become poorer and the rich become richer. The public does not want to join the EU because everything will become more expensive, foreign people will come to Turkey, buy properties easily and this will increase house prices and lead to even more homeless people. Turkish people will move to different countries as they may feel, they will have a better life and security for themselves; this would be considered by poor and rich. Are EU members ready to open their doors for Turkish immigrants?à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? So we can then ask will Turkey ever join the EU? 7.1 Turkey has many obstacles that they need to overcome before they can gain accession to the EU. The 2010/11 European Commission (EC) strategy report examines Turkeyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s application amongst other potential and candidate countries. Two of the main stumbling blocks it identifies are the unresolved issues between Turkey and Cyprus (Ugar, 1995) and secondly, the view of Member countries such as France and Germany towards Turkey joining the EU. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Turkey still has not complied with its obligations as outlined in the declaration of the European Community and its member states of 21 states of 21 September 2005 and the December 2009 conclusions it does not meet the obligation of full non-discriminatory implementation of the Additional Protocol to the Association Agreement and has not removed all obstacles to the free movement of goods, including restrictions on direct transport links with Cyprusà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? (EC, 2010) France and Germany are somewhat opposed to Turkeyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s application. With Turkey being a à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“secular Islamic stateà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? (Arikan, 2006) it raises concerns for two of the major powers in the EU. Turkey would become the first Muslim country in the EU and in their minds conflicts with the rationale highlighted in Section 3.0 in that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“it doesnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t promote security within the EU. (Nugent, 2004). In conclusion, Turkey has a long way to go before they are accepted into the EU. They need to make drastic changes in areas such as Human Rights for example. Even if they do make the major changes and meet the criteria to join the EU. Opposition may still come from the current member states and prevent them gaining full membership to the Union. We can probably conclude that Turkeyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s application will not be concluded in the near future. So who will be the one to bend first, Turkey or the EU? Appendices