Tuesday, August 25, 2020

Access to Health Care Essay Example

Access to Health Care Essay Access to social insurance alludes to the individual’s capacity to get and utilize required administrations (Ellis Hartley, 2008). Access to human services influences a large number of individuals. Uninsured, underinsured, older, lower financial class, minorities, and individuals that live in remote regions are at the most elevated hazard for absence of access to human services. There are additionally prudent and political jobs that convolute access to human services. Access to medicinal services is a multi-faceted idea including geographic, financial aspects, or sociocultural issues. With my broad examination on access to human services, I plan to give impacts in regards to; who is influenced by absence of access, geographic, financial, sociocultural access, and political, lawful and moral ramifications. Prudent and political access to social insurance is in immense discussion as of now, from medicinal services change, Medicare, and Medicaid. Efficient and political access influences a large portion of the populace. Financial access is regularly subject to having a wellbeing plan or being qualified for one of the administration programs (Ellis Hartley, 2008). The U. S Census Bureau assesses that about 50. 7 million Americans don't presently have medical coverage (p. 24). Since the time its initiation, access to medicinal services has been a vigorously discussed theme both on a government and state level. The contention has been made for the usage of human services change because of the expanding number of uninsured and underinsured American residents. The World Health Organization (2006) evaluated that, â€Å"the best quality of wellbeing ought to be close enough to all, without qualification of race, religion, political conviction, and financial or social condition† (para. ). Ellis and Hartley (2008) call attention to, private insurance agencies raise deductibles and co-installments in endeavor to get patients to utilize benefits astutely. This sounds incredible in principle; in any case, lower salary families may defer or maintain a strategic distance from opportune consideration. Uninsured and underinsured residents are discovering it incredibly hard to pay for protection premiums and deductibles. This confines the consideration they can get, and at which establishments they approach. We will compose a custom exposition test on Access to Health Care explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom paper test on Access to Health Care explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom paper test on Access to Health Care explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer American residents with earlier fundamental wellbeing conditions or different issues are compelled to pay costly human services premiums, along these lines, keeping people from lower financial statuses to manage the cost of medical coverage. In 2007, 62. 1% of all insolvencies were clinical; 92% of these clinical account holders had clinical obligations over $5000 (American Journal of Medicine, 2009). Political impact assumes a gigantic job in access to social insurance; with medicinal services change, Americans can approach gain the inclusion required for appropriate human services. Be that as it may, concurring upon what medicinal services change will comprise of has been of specific contention among political pioneers. Democrats and Republicans have since a long time ago neglected to concur upon a shared agreement in regards to the future human services change. This long-standing distinction in belief system between these restricting groups has made passing new human services enactment troublesome. Another answer for access to medicinal services that has been proposed is, normalizing social insurance. Normalizing national medical coverage won't be a simple procedure. Various private-segment insurance agencies have a monetarily personal stake with their customers. Nationalizing social insurance would put the central government as an immediate contender against these organizations. U. S. residents would have the choice on buying private protection or protection offered by the administration, which could eventually influence private corporations’ result. Another gathering with enthusiasm for change and influenced by restricted access to social insurance is, maturing American residents. The old will see an extreme change in their Medicare benefits because of the administration cutting about $500 billion from the Medicare program (Himmelstein, Thorne, and Warren, 2009). This adjustment in advantages could cost senior residents generously more for similar administrations gave preceding the medicinal services change. Medicinal services change is extraordinarily expected to help the monetarily depleting Medicare framework. The developing concern with respect to the monetary security of Medicare is one exceptionally compelling to the about 72 million people born after WW2 that become qualified for this administration helped, and citizen supported, program throughout the following two decades. As indicated by the U. S. Enumeration Bureau (2010), there will be a quick increment in people born after WW2 somewhere in the range of 2010 and 2030, as the whole person born after WW2 populace move into the 65 years and over classification (p. 3). Political and budgetary modifications must be made to guarantee the security of Medicare as the quantities of people paying into this program are destined to be outperformed by the quantity of people drawing-off this program (U. S. Evaluation Bureau, 2010). The old are likewise off guard with transportation to social insurance visits, getting remedies, and restoration administrations. There should be a foundation of access not exclusively to essential consideration suppliers, clinics, and restoration administrations, yet access to different parts of the human services framework for the old populace. Sociocultural contrasts, as per Ellis and Hartley (2008), likewise influence get to. In the event that a patient feels awkward in a medicinal services setting identified with their financial status or they feel their convictions are not regarded, they are reluctant to utilize administrations given (Ellis Hartley, 2008). Mindfulness and affectability to various ways of life and convictions can diminish confusions and limit boundaries that meddle with ideal arrangement of patient-focused consideration and administrations. By working through built up network standards, building trust, and adequately applying social competency strategies; access will be inside better reach. The Amish people group is very enormous in southwest Missouri; the Amish trust in regular mending, and the Amish people group has a state if treatment will or won't be given. This is a case of regarding their â€Å"cultural† standard. As indicated by, Sharpnack, Griffin, Benders, Fitzpatrick (2010), â€Å"Spiritual and elective human services rehearses exist in all conventions and societies, testing the suspicions and care models utilized by medicinal services suppliers for societies outside the mainstream† (para. 1). Data about the assorted variety and commonness of practices in various societies should be routed to think about the patient as a â€Å"whole. Language obstruction among patients and human services suppliers additionally place restrains on access to social insurance. It is fundamental for human services suppliers to regard social contrasts and endeavor to give interpretation benefits, and give composed material in more than one language. Topographical acc ess to medicinal services is likewise a worry with respect to access to social insurance. Provincial territory medical clinics are thinking that its harder to contend and oversee monetarily; this is prompting a few terminations of emergency clinics (Ellis Hartley, 2008). Access to social insurance in a country network is likewise constrained by absence of rehearsing doctors and administrations being accessible in one territory (Ellis Hartley, 2008). Access to human services in urban zones has cause for worry also; monetarily discouraged territories of enormous urban areas have less social insurance suppliers (Ellis Hartley, 2008). As indicated by Hansen-Turton, Bailey, Torres, and Ritter (2010), â€Å"The deficiency of essential consideration doctors who care for grown-ups (in inner medication and family medication) is anticipated to arrive at 35,000 to 44,000 by 2025. † (p. 23) There have been incredible advances in the innovative part of medication. Access to medicinal services by method of electronic clinical records (EMRs) has opened the entryway for congruity of care. The EMR adds to a typical stage between various parts, for example, lab, radiology, requesting and results, electronic endorsing, medical clinic results and other documentation. This thus has made it simpler to relate a patients information and present it at the purpose of care. At the point when joined with the capacity to standardize information from various sources and effectively get to it over the Web, it empowers suppliers to profit by a total patient-focused record that makes a brought together, constantly refreshed perspective on every patient consideration scene. As per, Uzma, Mitchell, Day, and Hardin (2008), Electronic clinical records contain data on all parts of social insurance. Human services data frameworks gather a lot of printed and numeric data about patients, visits, medicines, doctor notes and so on. The electronic archives embody data that could prompt improvement in social insurance quality, advancement of clinical and exploration activities, decrease in clinical blunders and decrease in human services costs. (p. 52). With the progression of the EMR, a few clinics are permitting patients to approach their own clinical records. As per Frampton, Horowitz, and Stumpo (2009), â€Å"Open clinical record just means a formalized method of permitting patients to get to their clinical records. Its piece of a way of thinking of care dependent on the possibility that patients ought to have the decision to be associated with their care† (p. 59). An extra headway in innovation in medicinal services get to is telehealth. Innovation has now permitted attendant and doctors to â€Å"see† patients in their home by method of TV. â€Å"A National Library of Medicine survey revealed that 50,000 families were utilizing telecare benefits in 2006, and the number was expanding quickly. Most U. S. telemonitoring programs are for homebound more established grown-ups, veterans, or

Saturday, August 22, 2020

Chicken run Essay

Official outline: 1998, Excel Poultry and Meat Sdn Bhd (EPM) was a SME situated in Kluang, Johor, working business of chicken cultivating and providing chicken all through Malaysia. This auxiliary of PCK holding since 2005 was overseen by Encik Selamat, a Certified Public Accountant (CPA). It got one of top 5 chicken providers inside mid-level makers in the nation because of expanding request in year 2000 from superstores and cheap food chains, high chicken utilization by Malaysian, and development of chicken industry. In any case, in 2008, cost of poultry creation expanded. EPM working money was low and extreme, that it â€Å"had baffled Encik Selamat† (p. 4). Different issues were likewise recognized. Chief: Credit Controller Ms Choy is the leader as she has the duty to settle on the correct choice with respect to dishonest lead of Encik Selamat, she can persuade Board regarding Directors about En. Selamat. On the off chance that she neglected to persuade BOD to make a move, she would then be able to uncover the issue to the evaluator, other than referencing to the examiner the absence of isolation of obligation in the business activity. She can execute and screen usage and execution of workers under her duty and persuade her companion, Puan Azura to do likewise. What should Ms. Choy do? Examination: 1) SWOT investigation S †STRENGTHS | W †WEAKNESSES | * One of top 5 chicken providers * Continuing benefit and development * Good special methodology * Qualified bookkeeper (Encik Kasim) * Reliable Credit Controller (Ms Choy) * Encik Selamat’s notoriety in community| * En. Selamat’s absence of skill in poultry and meat industry * 2008’s operational emergency * Lack of focal point of business activity * Cash stream issue * Conflict of premium * Possible mistake/extortion/imaginary exchange * En. Selamat’s association | O †OPPORTUNITIES | T †THREATS | * Malaysians’ most elevated utilization rates * Popular snappy assistance eateries * East Coast Economics Region (ECER) * Emerging of mammoth superstores * Institutional retailing| * Production cost had ascended around 56. 5% * Drop popular * Credit cutoff of Cold Gold| The organization has solid situation in the business as it is one of top 5 chicken providers. This implies EPM has a major part of the piece of the pie in the business. EPM likewise is solid for its continued benefit and development. EPM had the option to keep up its tasks and began making benefit since the light interest of chicken utilization. In addition, with starting capital of RM3. 6 million and beginning with 20 representatives, presently, EPM had in excess of 200 workers. Busy with great special procedure, EPM’s supervisory group took advantage of each open door in the business. In addition, EPM has fit key workers, which two of them are a certified bookkeeper, Encik Kasim and a solid Credit Controller, Ms Choy. These representatives contribute essentially towards the activity of EPM particularly in the money area. What's more, Encik Selamat’s notoriety in network is a solid impact of EPM towards the general public where EPM was based. He was an open figure that will be challenged in the nearby city gathering. En. Selamat’s absence of ability in poultry and meat industry contributed a negative component in EPM as En. Selamat need to pick up abilities and skill in the business. Despite the fact that he was particularly stressed over the current ominous state of EPM, his involvement with this industry may not be adequate. In addition, 2008’s operational emergency of EPM put En. Selamat away from a smooth profession track as recorded before 2008. EPM was absence of focal point of business activity as it was at the newborn child stage but then to develop in a legitimate technique for the executives. Next, inside EPM, there was income issue and the organization needed to fall back on momentary acquiring which exposed to higher intrigue installment commitments. There was irreconcilable circumstance between Encik Selamat’s individual arrangement with Encik Azman, previous school mate which was one of the official of Cold Gold and the company’s intrigue. Cold Gold was one of EPM’s significant clients. This relationship may hinder En. Selamat’s judgment. In EPM, a couple of conceivable mistake/extortion/imaginary exchanges were distinguished, particularly the anomalies in debtors’ account. The indications lead to an end that it was brought about by the previous worker of EPM, En. Munir. Another factor that can be considered as EPM’s shortcoming point is En. Selamat’s association with parent organization of EPM, PCK Holding, where En. Selamat may have the option to make sure about his situation in EPM in spite of the difficult he made without confronting any discipline. The business is in a significant potential market where Malaysians’ most elevated utilization paces of poultry and meat item. Malaysia was having one of the most elevated per capita utilization rates on the planet †for chicken (32. 5 kg) and eggs (298 units) †and there were no dietary disallowances (during these years) and strict limitations against chicken utilization. Notwithstanding family unit and conventional rarities request, the flood of well known snappy assistance eateries from outside Malaysia and home-developed cheap food chains strengthened the market. Other than being the perceived poultry exporter, the business was bolstered by the legislature through the East Coast Economics Region (ECER) as the poultry division was a piece of the arrangement. Developing of goliath superstores and institutional retailing likewise improved the splendid eventual fate of the business. Notwithstanding the good circumstances in the market, EPM confronted danger of chicken feed which coming about the creation cost to ascend around 56. 5%. Alliance of Livestock Farmers’ Associations of Malaysia (FLFAM) caused a call at higher chicken costs so as to ensure producers’ gaining even with feed cost climb. Be that as it may, when the venders increased the retail cost, a few makers whined that they seen a drop popular. Another danger was the credit furthest reaches of Cold Gold Sdn Bhd which had surpassed its level. This has critical impact to the organization as Cold Gold is one of EPM’s significant clients increased with different issues looked by EPM. Augmentation underway cost Drop sought after Low income High intrigue cost INABILITY TO PREDICT ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE and FORCAST CONSEQUENCES: LACK OF COORDINATION IN CONTROL AND REPORTING: Credit limit control Debtor affirmation Misstatement Lack of isolation of obligation LACK OF COMMITMENT FROM SENIOR MANAGEMENT: Lack of skill Lack of center Conflict of intrigue Unethical conduct Reluctance in making a move LOW PERFORMANCE 2) Fishbone outline As per Peter Drucker, â€Å"management is doing things right; authority is doing the privilege things†. Therefore, the significant issue for this situation is chaotic administration which prompts awful execution of the organization. EPM confronted issue as it neglects to get responsibility from senior administration. As a pioneer, Encik Selamat was missing of skill in poultry industry, effectively engaged with social and network work as opposed to concentrating more on business activity like, had irreconcilable situation (office issue) while taking care of credit limit issue, and had under table arrangement with the customer. Executive himself had indicated absence of initiative ability and moral mindfulness as he kept quiet in regards to the unscrupulous conduct of Encik Selamat and had more worry on notoriety than moral direct. Also, the board of EPM is missing of coordination in charge and announcing. This can be seen from the seriousness of lacking income which was seen just when noteworthy borrowings had been made, high costs, and misfortune brought about. Absence of isolation of obligation additionally had given wide open door for error by representatives. At last, EPM neglects to foresee natural change with respect to cost of creation that prompts low benefit making as EMP didn't make any readiness or back-up plan to defeat such issues. 3) Financial Evidence on the activity of EPM: Financial Ratio Ratio| Formula| 2006| 2007| 2008| Interpretation| GP proportion (%)| (GP/Sales)*100| 5. 4845| 1. 6542| 1. 0814| Due to increase in COGS, EPM is benefitting just 1 penny for each dollar of item sold in 2008| Inventory turnover ratio| COGS/Inventory| 16. 6774| 36. 0667| 28. 4962| EPM is turning over its stock by and large, 3 times each month in 2007 while this decreases to two times every month in 2008. | AR turnover ratio| Net deals/AR| 4. 3071| 3. 3957| 2. 8808| EPM takes around 3 months to gather its obligation in 2006, while it takes over 4 months in 2008. | Days to gather AR| 365/AR turnover ratio| 84. 7441| 107. 49| 126. 702| | Description of case display (Account theoretical): %Increase| 06to07| In 2007, cost expanded while income didn't build a lot, and working misfortune was recorded as retail cost was just expanded in August 2008. Along these lines, augmentation of income from in 2008 by 36. 16% relates with increase in cost in that year. Costs took 30% of working benefit in 2006 while it took double the working benefit in 2008. This may be because of intrigue installment made for transient obtaining. Augmentation in exchange receivable may not be the genuine sum as there were instances of error. Stock in 2008 was higher because of lower request. 07to08| Rev| 0. 57| 36. 16| COGS| 4. 64| 36. 95| Oper profit| - 69. 67| - 10. 99| Exp| 37. 50| 45. 45| Net| - 108. 64| - 315. 79| Trade rec| 27. 56| 60. 49| Stock| - 51. 61| 73. 33| Trade cr| 62. 16| 50. 00| Alternatives accessible to the hero: Option 1: Ms. Choy can decide not to reveal the issues that she figured out how to examine inside EPM. This will profit in sparing the notoriety of the organization out in the open just as the General Manager, Encik Selamat to make sure about his notoriety in the coming city committee political race. In addition, Ms. Choy can legitimize her activity of not bringing the issue up as Encik Selamat is a significant staff of EPM and she had done her part by

Free Essays on Reaction To War Letters

in the letters, however, are so earnest and moving as a rule that it appears to be far-fetched that, truth be told, a male wrote this sincere letter. Their solitary expectation is that the war they are engaged with will be done soon and they can be back in the caring arms of their families. The likewise compose of the barren depression that appears to expend their life for quite a while. As though these sentiments of pai... Free Essays on Reaction To War Letters Free Essays on Reaction To War Letters Response to War Letters† I am extremely happy that I was acquainted with this book called War Letters. The book truly gives center around the enthusiastic side of guys. It has been for some time realized that men, on numerous events, experience difficulty communicating their inclination, and at last what they need. In this exceptional work, the records and memories of the troopers truly give the peruser a feeling of how wartime was around then. For instance, a portrayal of a Civil War fight is altogether different from a Korean War fight, and it is genuinely ready to perceive in light of the exceptional wording of the officers. By and large this book truly offers understanding to the distinctive male feelings and gives the peruser a thought of the value that customary men pay to cause us to appreciate the opportunity that we have today. The men who present to us the arresting stories of war are the same as any normal resident today. These men were limited by their readiness for opportunity in the phase of fight and would let nothing stop them to accomplish this opportunity. The men are fathers, siblings, and children who are off battling for their families and battling for the opportunity that their family right now has. Beside some amazing figures, for example, Clara Barton, Teddy Roosevelt, and Douglas MacArthur, propositions letters are fundamentally normal warriors or marines. A large portion of the men composing are frightened and achy to go home, with just these letters to keep their spirits high. They compose of the hardships of fight in enlightening wording. They compose of their affection for their significant other and kids, or sweetheart. The words in the letters, however, are so earnest and moving as a rule that it appears to be impossible that, truth be told, a male wrote this ardent letter. Their solit ary expectation is that the war they are associated with will be done soon and they can be back in the caring arms of their families. The likewise compose of the forlorn depression that appears to devour their life for quite a while. As though these sentiments of pai...

Friday, August 21, 2020

Operations Management Zellers Essay

What serious need is significant for a rebate store, for example, Zellers? Cost is the most significant serious need for a markdown store, for example, Zellers. So as to perform seriously as a rebate store, the association must stress low working expenses. With this need, Zellers can create at low expenses in contrast with contenders and offer items at low costs so as to address customer issues and become a request champ. 2. Three conventional techniques are ease, specialty market, and item separation. What one of these techniques was Zellers utilizing before 1998? After 1998? Before 1998, Zellers was utilizing a minimal effort technique. The organization focused on spending plan disapproved of purchasers with the trademark â€Å"Where the Lowest Price is the Law.† notwithstanding wild contention from WalMart entering the serious scene and different operational weaknesses, Zellers settled on a few key choices and changes. After 1998, Zellers was utilizing a specialty advertise system, by changing its crucial become a â€Å"mom’s store.† Zellers concentrated on offering reasonable incentive to customers, instead of the most reduced cost. The organization moved away from the minimal effort dynamic of its self-administration approach by putting resources in the process of childbirth, having a few client support colleagues on the floor. It likewise centered around putting resources into increasingly well known brands and private mark items. To the company’s disservice, apparently Zellers rolled out these key improvements so as to co ntend all the more straightforwardly with WalMart, as they moved away from limits towards offering regular low costs on 95% of its product.

Saturday, August 1, 2020

Next Steps For the Deferred

Next Steps For the Deferred On Saturday we released decisions for Early Action (EA) applicants. There was a definitive resolution for those students who were admitted or denied in EA. Deferred students, however, will have to wait a little longer as we reconsider their cases in Regular Action (RA). Ive had a number of deferred students write in with questions so I wanted to post a quick entry that answered some of them publicly. What new stuff should I send? The only new thing you need to send in is the February Updates and Notes form. Youll use the FUN form to tell us your midyear grades and anything new that has happened or will happen. As always, you can send us stuff via email or mail, but the FUN form is the best way to update us. The FUN form is due by February 15th. You may  still submit a supplemental portfolio, but you do not need to; I would only consider this if you were planning to do so during EA but ran out of time. If you are retaking tests in December or January, you may also designate MIT as a score recipient and well add them to your application. You may not rewrite your essays, redo your interview, redo your entire applicationanything like that. We deferred you because we want to reconsider your application (the one you have already sent) in RA. What are my chances in Regular Action? Once we defer you, you are automagically reconsidered when we reconvene the admissions committees for RA next spring. You are at no advantage nor disadvantage for having been deferred in EA. Nobody, not even me, can accurately gauge your chance of being admitted to MIT. With that said, in the last few years we have admitted between 150-300 students in RA who were initially deferred in EA. Thats a small number, but to be honest, so is the number of RA applicants who are admitted. Its hard to get into MIT. Being deferred means youre going to get another fair shot. Bloggers who were deferred and then admitted (and blogged about it) include Hamsika and Lydia, and I would recommend reading about their experiences. Can I call / email / owl in to find out why I was deferred? No. We wont tell you, because we cant. We make decisions collaboratively, in committees, and no one person has access to the reason (or set of reasons) why anyone was deferred as opposed to admitted or denied. Having done this for some time now, I can tell you it is almost never one thing which, if only it had been otherwise, the decision would be different. I understand this ambiguity can be difficult, but most selective processes are characterized by this kind of complexity. My advice would be to send in the FUN form and then focus on anything other than MIT (other college apps, your classes, your clubs, your navel, whatever) until we release RA decisions. As Lydia commented in the deferred open thread: I actually do agree that the best thing you can do is to focus on things that are not MIT (or other college) admissionsIf I could do things over, I wouldnt think about MIT at all in the months between getting deferred and March.   Do this thing, this thing that Lydia said (hint: this is good life advice generally). Im an RA Applicant, but I read this post anyway; what do I do? You are very sneaky. Just follow the instructions and deadlines  as weve written them. Please note that at this point the deadline to schedule an interview has passed. How can I contact the office if I must? Same ways as always (this goes for RA applicants too). You may comment on this entry, where Ill try to answer new questions (and perhaps update this post) over the next couple of days. You may also call us (617.253.3400) or email us (admissions [at] mit [dot] edu). Ill be on vacation for awhile starting this Wednesday to rest my eyes and brain. From Thursday, December 25th, to Monday, January 5th, the entire office will be shut down for the holidays, which means our reception center in 10-100 will be closed and our phones will be off. Some of our staff will be working overtime to answer emails during that period, but there may be some delay due to the holidays, so please be patient. Looking forward to (re)considering your applications in January!

Tuesday, June 30, 2020

My Favorite Tree, Free Descriptive Essay Sample

My Favorite Tree When I was a child, I liked climbing up the mango trees growing in our small neighbourhood. Summer vacations were my most anticipated season where the mango trees were bearing the most fruit. Given my little weight back then, I would be the one reaching the highest fruits hanging on thinner branches with my net. Of course I would very mindful of my steps as one wrong move, and I would break my bones at the foot of the tree. Also I would need to take extra care in not disturbing the lines of huge, red ants. Fortunately in my mango tree climbs, I did not so much as fell from the tree. I could already guess by sight if a particular branch could not hold my weigh so I that I could adjust my path to the mangoes. It was like reaching out for the green trophy in the sky. My friends below would be holding a long cloth where to catch the fruits. After gathering the fruits, I would take home my share. Papa would rinse these with water to get rid of the sticky sap. He would prepare our favourite dip: a mixture of soy sauce, sugar and chilli, Sometimes we would have bagoong for our dip, or the sautà ©ed shrimp paste. My younger sibling on the other hand, was fond of making brown sugar for the dip. Papa used to say that the most nutritious part of the fruit was its skin, so we preferred eating the green, unripe mangoes without peeling it. Or even if we peeled the unripe mangoes, we would still be eating its skin. The sour mango was ideal for us as appetizer. Meanwhile if we wanted sweet mangoes for deserts, we would just buy from the public market. On a fruit, its sweetness was measured in terms of the brix scale, as it could be used to measure minerals in the sap such as sugar (â€Å"Use the Brix Scale†¦Ã¢â‚¬  n.d.). Guimaras’ Super Galila mango, one of the most popular sweet mango exportable worldwide, had 22.3 brix score, which was literally tasting sugar juice (â€Å"Guimaras Super Galila†, 2016). There were about six (6) known mango varieties in the Philippines, and the Indian mango variety was the most common and popularly known as a street food. The mango trees grown in our neighbourhood were the usual Indian mango variety. This mango variety, coming from India’s Alphonso Mango, was most common in the suburban areas as it could grow anywhere and could adapt to the tropical climate. The fruit was round-shaped with thick flesh, slight tart, firm and fibrous flesh. Then there was also the Carabao mango variety (manggang kalabaw in Filipino) which was known as champagne mango. When raw, this was sour and green. When ripe, this would become   orange-yellow and very sweet. Its flesh was very tender and juicy with very few fibers. This variety had been developed into different strains exportable worldwide. Next was the apple mango variety which had similar characteristics as the Indian mango, only bigger and with a reddish tinge on one part. Fourth variety was the horse m ango (manggang kabayo) which had an elongated shape and best eaten raw. Its taste was tartly and it had firm flesh and large seed. The fifth variety was the pajo or pahutan mango which was very sweet, juicy, and fibrous. Then there was the evergreen mango which retained its green color when ripe. One could tell if this was overripe as yellow specks around the fruit would be noticeable. It had a round shape, with taste and texture similar to the carabao mango. And lots of other mango varieties not anymore mentioned here (Shellany, 2017). I have not tasted most of the mangoes in the list, as they would either be more expensive or could not be found in our local markets. Aside from the sweet fruits offered by the mango tree, its wood could also be made into furniture. When I was a child, we used to have a mango tree shading the roof of our house. It gave a cool climate inside the house despite the scorching summer heat. Only when the rains came, we had to spray on insecticides on the walls or paint them with paints with insect-repellent formulas the caterpillars would start crawling on them. When the small lot where the tree was planted was sold, the mango tree had to be cut down. Being the resourceful person that he was, Papa used the wood from the mango tree for our tables and chairs. As I had plenty of books at home, Papa also built bookshelves for me out of mango wood. Up until now these furniture were intact. For decades, mango wood was known to be a sustainable resource for furniture in the Southeast Asia where it was most common. Mango trees grow quickly. In fact, it could reach up to a thousand feet in height and three feet in diameter within twenty years. Rather than discard of the timber, farmers cut the trees down so they could use the wood. New trees were planted before the older ones stop bearing fruit (â€Å"Mango Wood Editorial,† 2015). Every time there would be trees to be cut nearby to give room for the roads – more often than not, the trees were mango trees – Papa would ask permission from the owners of the trees (if there were any) to take home the mango wood. Then he would make more furniture out of these woods for home use. He would also make his roosters’ shelter out of mango wood. Watching him work made me imagine what could be the commercial value for the furniture he produced. How about in the local industry? How is the mango wood local industry doing now? This could make a very lucrative for the locals, and they would be given local jobs. Also this could be a display for local talents on craftsmanship for furniture. They would not need to travel too far in order to work, as they could already produce products within their localities. It would just be matter of the government promoting local industries such as this in order to give jobs to the people. Also, the government could be supp orting this industry by providing power tools and machineries for production and inviting investors to more local investments. Our products could be even made exportable. I was saying all of this because right now Papa was aboard a cruise ship as a crew, and he would stay there for nine months. I had imagined what if he was producing his own furniture and make business out of it? Would he even need to stay away from us, his family, in order to earn? What about if I could help him produce furniture out of mango wood? But every time I passed by a mango tree, I could not help but admire its simplicity amidst the suburban setting. The mango tree, so common yet still so beautiful, was my favourite tree. Sources: Shellany, A. (2017). Mango mania: The different varieties of the Philippine mango. Retrieved: 1 January 2018 from https://steemit.com/food/@shellany/mango-mania-the-different-varieties-of-the-philippine-mango Mango Wood Editorial design story. (2015). Retrieved: 1 January 2017 from https://www.swooneditions.com/blog/mango-wood-editorial-design-story/ Why mango wood is the best choice for sustainable furniture. (2016). Retrieved: 1 January 2017 from http://worldwidehomefurnishingsinc.com/blog/2016/11/why-mango-wood-is-the-best-choice-for-sustainable-furniture/ Guimaras Super Galila, the sweetest Carabao mango.   (2016). Retrieved: 1 January 2017 from http://www.philstar.com/agriculture/2016/01/03/1538636/guimaras-super-galila-sweetest-carabao-mango Use The Brix Scale Below to Measure Vegetable Quality. (n.d.). Retrieved: 1 January 2017 from http://www.healthy-vegetable-gardening.com/brix-scale.html

Friday, May 22, 2020

The EU Enlargement Process Analysis - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 11 Words: 3394 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Statistics Essay Did you like this example? The aim of the group is to gain a first class mark. We want this report to represent our ability to work efficiently together in a group. We endeavoured to produce an end product, which is concise and thorough, highlighting the enlargement aspects of the EU. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The EU Enlargement Process Analysis" essay for you Create order Our objective is therefore to fully research all areas of the EU enlargement, as our question is à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Enlargement rationale; How much bigger should the EU expand and why?à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ Upon completion of this report the goal is to have gained a broader knowledge on the European Union (EU) as a whole and have a good understanding of current major issues. Methodology The EU enlargement process is very rigorous. In the past the European Union has undergone many rounds of enlargement (see fig 1). But to what conditions and guidelines must candidate nations comply by? The main guideline is the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Copenhagen Criteriaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ which was signed on 21st/22nd June, 1993. This states that by the time candidates join, they must according to the Folketing EU Information centre: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“[Have] achieved stability of institutions guaranteeing democracy, the rule of law, human rights and respect for and protection of minorities, the existence of a functioning market economy as well as the capacity to cope with competitive pressure and market forces within the unionà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? (Folketing, conclusions of the presidency). These criterion were laid down by the heads of state and government of the member states at the European council meeting in Copenhagen in 1993 (ibid). In outline the Copenhagen Criteria can be divided into three conditions, which form the minimum entry requirements, before a country is considered for EU membership. These are: The political criterion i.e. democracy, rule of law, human rights and respect and protection for minorities. The economic criterion i.e. a functioning market economy and must be capable of withstanding the pressure of competition and market forces in the European Union. The criterion presupposing the ability to incorporate one entire body of laws and regulations of the EU à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"aquis communautairÃÆ' ©Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ (Source à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Folketing EU Information centre) The country must be able to assume all the obligations flowing from membership, including the aim of political, economic and monetary union (ibid). After all of these requirements, the country is à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"screenedà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ and if approved, the Council of the European Union and its country draft a à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Treaty of Accessionà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢. This then goes to the European Commission and European Parliament ratifications and approval. If successful after this process, the nation is able to become a member of the EU (About.com). à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Screeningà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? is the first step in the negotiations stage, when considering a country for membership (EU Commission). Ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s an in depth analysis of the EU laws with which the candidate country must abide by (known as the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"aquisà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢). A screening report is then drawn up for each country (ibid). Negotiations take place at ministerial level between permanent representatives for EU countries, and ambassadors or chief negotiators for candidate countries. But why do countries want to join the EU in the first place? This question is asked by Clive Lindley of the Central Europe express (Charles Jenkins, 2000). This author quotes an American journalist as writing à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“What does Europe want to be when it grows up?à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? Julie Smith, Head of the European programme at the Royal institute for international affairs, also begins to explore the boundaries at which the expansion of the will be no longer feasible. She states that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“How [will] the EU be able to function with thirty or more member statesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? (Charles Jenkins, 2000). According to her, it is a à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“problem that clearly exercised many of Europeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s leading politicians in 2000. 3.0 When the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"European Coal and Steel Communityà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ was created in 1957 it was with an aspiration to form a trading block of peace and economic prosperity. For more than half a century, the current European Union has exerted its soft power, attracting almost every country in Europe and completed six successful enlargement rounds (fig 1). (fig 1 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" source:à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦) After the fall of the Iron Curtain in 1989, Central Eastern European Countries (CEECà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s) started to show interest in applying for EU membership (EU27 on enlargement). As a result of this, the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Copenhagen Criteriaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ was set out in December 1993 declaring the requirements that any potential country wishing to join the EU, would need to meet. This was the first time the EU had made a clear commitment to enlargement, and provided Europe with evidence of their engagement in becoming a bigger and more influential trading block (Lippert et all 2001). Since then, as shown in the timeline, the EU has expanded substantially, and includes today a total of 27 member states. This leaves only 14 European countries (excluding Russia) as non members, four of which are candidate countries, five potential candidates, two who have been declined membership, two with an ENP Action Plan and one with not many EU relations. The size of any further EU enlargement is therefore confined by the borders of Europe and the enlargement rationale, is determined by the economic opportunities and the promotion of security in these 12 remaining countries (Nugent 2004). 4.0 In this part of the report we are going to discuss the economic side of the EU enlargement. Firstly we will be taking a more statistical approach in evaluating the economy. We will then take some candidate countries, and discuss what will happen if they join the EU. Since 1994, when the 10+2 candidate countries was selected they have had significant progress in their economy, they have gained an average growth of 1.3/2.1% GDP per year in between 1994-2004 (European Commission, 2001) but more importantly their GDP would have reduce by 0.1% if they was not chosen as candidate countries( Maliszewska 2003). This showed that the economy was developing quickly, many factors contributed to this including Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), imports and exports. Intra trading plays an important part in EU enlargement allowing companies to take advantage of comparative advantages in new Member States and candidate countries. Intra trading has increase from only accounting for a third of EUà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s trading in 1960, EU-6, to over 70% of EUà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s trade in 2007, EU-25. Intra trading encourages competition, and enhances productivity and efficiency within the EU. With additional new Member States the EU is now the largest trading bloc importing and exporting 16.7% and 18.8% respectively, where as the US is only exporting 11.1% and importing 17.4% (IMF, EUROSTAT 2009). This gives the EU more power when discussing trade policies at the WTO and more influence on the global economy. FDI plays an important part of EU enlargement and the new Member States GDP growth because an increase of FDI would increase the level of investment, employment and productivity. Breuss (2009) estimated that FDI inflows gave the new States and Member extra growth of 1.75 % GDP on average from period 2000-2008, moreover Bulgaria and Romania could gain an additional 0.5% GDP up to 2020. But other research has shown even though the candidate countries can attract high level of FDI they might not necessarily be able to maintain it, for example in years 2001 and 2002 Cyprusà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s FDI inflow rate actually fell by over half and in Malta FDI was actually reversed. Using Bosnia and Herzegovina as an example if they were to become a member of the EU, the old Member States might have more confident to invest in them, thus rising their FDI rate and unemployment rate, which are the two main underlying issues relating to the economy factors although some issues has to be resolved first like distorted wages setting and low labour mobility which are both halting job creations and the labour market. Also in Albania unemployment rate is high due to the lack of health and safety regulations which could drive foreign investors away, even though they have currently approved for a strategy for health and safety it will be awhile before it will fully take effect. From these 2 examples it shows that even though candidate countries have the economy benefits of an EU member such as free trade, but with different underlying issues in each country preventing them from further economic growth it will be a long time before any candidate countries are near the level of expansion. Therefore in conclusion from the economic overview and evidence I think that it is too early for talks about enlarging the EU further and with the 2008 global recession still in effect I think that even if the EU was to expand it would not be in short future and they will have to be extremely careful with the next enlargement. 5.0 This part of the report is going to be discussing the possible benefits, conflicts and problems that enlargement may cause to the citizens of the EU, the existing member states of the EU and the EU at a global level. In the past, the citizens of the EU didnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t have as much freedom or possibilities to travel freely as they do now. But since the events of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“the fall of the iron curtainà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? or in any of the EU enlargement rounds, more citizens have agreed that the living standards in the Central and Eastern Europe has improved and that the changes from these events have brought more freedom to everybody within Europe (View on European Enlargement à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Analytical Report). However some citizens have voted that they feel more insecure after enlargement and believes that it has contributed to redundancies and job loss in their country (View on European Enlargement à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Analytical Report). For instance, in Britain, over the past 2 years 139, 000 immigrants have found jobs where as the number of British workers have dropped by 654, 000 (The Daily Mail) also critics say that the pressure from high levels of immigration on housing, public tra nsport, water and energy is highly damaging (The Daily Mail). So it seems that enlarging would mainly benefit the citizens of the CEECà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s more than the original EU15à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s citizens as they are able to freely move within the EU and are able to find work elsewhere. Enlarging the EU may abolish arguments and disputes between conflicting countries, and could mean that they will have stronger relationships in the future i.e. Charles de Gaulle, who was French President at the time opposed the UKà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s application in both 1961 and 1967 because he believed that the UK was going to attempt to thwart his desire to place France at the centre of the European stage (European Union Enlargement). When France changed their President in 1969 to Georges Pompidou, the UK was finally accepted into the EU for full membership (BOOK). Now in 2010 with France electing a new President, he and the Prime Minister of the UK have joined forces and have both signed a Defence Co-Operation Treaty (MoD), this shows positive progress of enlargement and that it could build a stronger EU. At the core of the EU is the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“single marketà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?, the aim of it is to allow all member states to be able to trade fairly and communicate with each other with ease (Business Link), and if trades are successful it will build trust and reliability between countries à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" which would build stronger relationships within the EU. Enlarging would mean more members to trade with, more communication across the globe and in past events and has effectively shown an increase in the EUà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s weight in world politics à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" also making it a stronger world power (PDF). Sometimes in the EU, there will be problems that canà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t be resolved, this may make some members want to leave the EU and propose a referendum. For example, each member state is allocated a certain number of seats within the European Parliament (EP), which effectively means how much influence they have within the EU. In 2004 Denmark had 16 seats before the EU became the EU25, after they enlarged Denmarkà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s seat allocation had decreased to only 14 (book), enlarging again could mean that they would lose even more seats in the EP and more influence within the EU altogether, they may not be very happy about this and could propose a referendum as they may feel that they are being treated unfairly. In conclusion, even if one country decides to leave due to enlargement, the EU wouldnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t suffer that much as they would have new members coming in and would still have the other existing member states to run the EU. So this report supports the act of enlargement as it will give the EU citizens more freedom and possibilities to travel, may produce stronger relationships between countries and would make the EU a stronger world power. 6.0 This section looks at the security of the EU by analysing the major security threat to the EU today, terrorism. It aggregates the findings of past reports to make sure the safety of the EU citizens is not over looked when deciding whether the EU should expand. It will look at the following in this order- European defence and security policy (EDSP),-Organised crime (OC) and its links to terrorism,-Candidate countries progress. Due to the nature of the topics the information used is mostly of official report base as independent reports have lacked technology and resources to reference and back up their findings especially within the rarely traceable OC and terrorism domains. European defence and security policy pushes for increases in EU military cooperation and joint missions. There have been joint missions to Afghanistan to the terrorism war zones and 3200 EU personnel are currently deployed on joint missions (C.Ashton EDA bulliten 2009). Increasing cooperation at external borders are also main policies, whilst increasing links with EU police forces is also part of policies to help combat terrorism. (EU presidency report 2009) (EDA head report to council 2010) OC and links to terrorism is a major issue. Organised crime is large inside the EU and also externally, trying to enter the EU. Drug trafficking, the exploitation of human beings and illegal migration, fraud, Euro counterfeiting, commodity counterfeiting and money laundering, are all the major OC areas. (Europol OCTA report 2009). A country which the EU allows in must be able to tackle these problems because undoubtedly the Schengen Area, the abolition of the filter border control to the movement of goods, services, capital and people, facilitates criminals, because once in the territory of one member state, they can move freely to the destination of the criminal markets. (A.SACCONE 2006). (Europol OCTA2009) points out the links between OC and Terrorism. It explains that terrorism uses it for funding. A recent (SkyNews) documentary shows Middle Eastern terrorist explaining that they create funds through OC. Any expansion of the EU to a country which canà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t handle a po ssible increase in organised crime could increase funding of terrorism, which at the moment the EU is part of fighting a war against. There needs to be emphasis on improving links between military and police forces to tackle this problem. (A.SACCONE 2006) (Europol OCTA2009) Candidate Countries progress reports analyse their current situation. In the following reports it is chapter 24 of the EU rationale which analyses Security. Croatia has set up very good training and systems to regulate borders and has started cooperating with Bosnia and Herzegovina. But Croatia lacks officer numbers to tackle OC. (Croatia progress report 2009-10). (The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedoniaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s progress report 2009-10) finds that, police and military officerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s skill and ability levels are high and they are capable to tackle organised crime and terrorism. They can also handle borders very well, although bad internal cooperation between institutions, decreases success dramatically. In Turkey there havenà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t been improvements in border control, tackling organised crime or investigating and tackling terrorism. There are no steps expected in the future to change this at the moment. (Turkey progress report 2009-10) Croatia and The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, have good links with Europol and EU militaries whilst Turkey has failed to do this because of its lack of data protection laws. (Candidate progress reports 2009-10) In Conclusion of this section EDSP aims to increase EU military cooperation, and links between military and police. EDSP is trying to create a more secured coordinated EU and it is presenting very possible positive steps. With increased joint military missions there may be potential increases in terrorist threats to EU members and also future EU members. OC needs to be a number one target so we can fight terror at its root. Current candidates to join the EU must be prepared to tackle OC and an increase in OC before we accept them. An increase in depth to chapter 24 before we allow them to join is needed. Turkey poses major risk without data protection laws because of the demand on links between police and military. External borders need to be regulated more to stop threats getting i whilst internal borders need better regulation to stop facilitation of OC which links to terrorism. This highlights a need for a review of the Schengen area. From a security analyses I would not expand th e EU, because the major threats have new dimensions and candidates to join are not prepared for them. 7.0 Since the negations for Turkeyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s accession into the EU began in 2005, rather than seeing a speeding up of the process there has been a slowing down. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“To date only 13 of 33 chapters of negotiations for Turkeyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s accession have been opened, and only one, on science and research, completed. Nineteen have been frozen, over the issue of Cyprus, or due to other objections by EU members.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? (Head, 2010) Since Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan was elected in 2003, he identified Turkeys EU entry as a top priority, pledging reforms to make Turkey more democratic and pluralist and bring it in line with the Unions membership criteria (www.setimes.com) However, the biggest challenge now; from those working on Turkeys EU bid is having no certainty of membership in the end. This has all but killed public enthusiasm for Turkey to join the EU. (Euro-Dialogue, 2009.) Figure . Turkish Prime minister: Recep Tayyip Erdogan Further supporting this statement was the response of Hulya Kars Lamb a 2nd year Criminology and Forensic Science student at Manchester Metropolitan University and native Turk. When asked how she felt about Turkey joining the EU, she commented; à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“The public who are already poor will become poorer and the rich become richer. The public does not want to join the EU because everything will become more expensive, foreign people will come to Turkey, buy properties easily and this will increase house prices and lead to even more homeless people. Turkish people will move to different countries as they may feel, they will have a better life and security for themselves; this would be considered by poor and rich. Are EU members ready to open their doors for Turkish immigrants?à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? So we can then ask will Turkey ever join the EU? 7.1 Turkey has many obstacles that they need to overcome before they can gain accession to the EU. The 2010/11 European Commission (EC) strategy report examines Turkeyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s application amongst other potential and candidate countries. Two of the main stumbling blocks it identifies are the unresolved issues between Turkey and Cyprus (Ugar, 1995) and secondly, the view of Member countries such as France and Germany towards Turkey joining the EU. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Turkey still has not complied with its obligations as outlined in the declaration of the European Community and its member states of 21 states of 21 September 2005 and the December 2009 conclusions it does not meet the obligation of full non-discriminatory implementation of the Additional Protocol to the Association Agreement and has not removed all obstacles to the free movement of goods, including restrictions on direct transport links with Cyprusà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? (EC, 2010) France and Germany are somewhat opposed to Turkeyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s application. With Turkey being a à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“secular Islamic stateà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? (Arikan, 2006) it raises concerns for two of the major powers in the EU. Turkey would become the first Muslim country in the EU and in their minds conflicts with the rationale highlighted in Section 3.0 in that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“it doesnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t promote security within the EU. (Nugent, 2004). In conclusion, Turkey has a long way to go before they are accepted into the EU. They need to make drastic changes in areas such as Human Rights for example. Even if they do make the major changes and meet the criteria to join the EU. Opposition may still come from the current member states and prevent them gaining full membership to the Union. We can probably conclude that Turkeyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s application will not be concluded in the near future. So who will be the one to bend first, Turkey or the EU? Appendices

Tuesday, May 19, 2020

Human Trafficking And Its Effects On Human Rights

Human trafficking is an assault on human rights and a violation of one’s dignity by means of forced labor, sex trafficking, bonded labor, and/or domestic servitude. It remains to be both a local and global issue, â€Å"occurring in nearly every country, and its networks are vast and formidable to investigate† (Jesionka 2012). Despite government, activist groups and other organization’s methods of intervention, human trafficking is still a major concern with more individuals enslaved now than ever before. Traffickers are able to coerce, deceive, threaten, and obtain complete control over their victims. Many of whom are poor, illegal immigrants in search of a job to help support and provide for their families. In their poverty and desperation, they willingly fall victim to the trade and end up abused, overworked, underpaid, and most often unable to return home. Throughout this class we have examined multiple different countries in which human trafficking still remains an unsolved issue. Such as, Afghanistan’s opium brides, Bangladesh’s factory workers, Thailand’s child prostitutes, agricultural slaves in the United States, and baby trafficking in China. How do so many individuals end up trafficked? Why does this still remain such a large problem in the 21st century? Is it something that is forever ingrained in our society? I chose to explore these couple of questions and more in hopes of answering the last one. Maybe slavery is part of our culture and something that will never beShow MoreRelatedHuman Trafficking And Its Effects On Human Rights856 Words   |  4 PagesHuman Trafficking is basically another form of slavery, which was abolished almost 150 years ago. The main types of human trafficking today Sex trafficking and forced labor. Sex trafficking involves traffickers threating, using violence and taking people i n upon their own will and selling them for sex. Around 300,000 children are forced into sex trafficking each year. Forced labor is people who are being forced to work against their will. Many times these people are immigrants. Most of these jobsRead MoreHuman Trafficking Is A Grave Crime And A Serious Violation Of Human Rights1555 Words   |  7 PagesHumana Trafficking Introduction Human trafficking refers to the practice of recruiting, transferring, transporting, receiving, or harboring people through the use of force, threat, or other forms of abduction, coercion, deception, fraud, as well as abuse of power or vulnerability position (Segrave 2). Human trafficking is a grave crime and a serious violation of human rights as it involves a broad range of human exploitations, including forced labor, sexual exploitation, slavery practices, as wellRead MoreCause And Effect Of Human Trafficking965 Words   |  4 PagesCause and Effect of Human Trafficking 1 The effect human trafficking has on world today. Human trafficking is victims have been the most disrespect and terrified people in the world. They are sold to slavery either for sex or labor services. The sad part about human trafficking happens right under our noises. I think in some cases of the Unite States some of larger companies that areRead MoreThe Global Impact Of Human Trafficking1640 Words   |  7 PagesThe Global impact of Human Trafficking Human trafficking is a global issue that receives very little attention throughout the modern world; this issue effects every country on the global and all different types of cultures. Hillary Clinton said in 2009 â€Å"Trafficking thrives in the shadows, and it can be easy to dismiss it as something that happens to someone else, in somewhere else, but that is not the case. Trafficking is a crime that involves every nation on earth, and that includes our own.† (BehnkeRead MoreInternational Law And Regional Initiatives For Combating Human Trafficking Essay1624 Words   |  7 PagesInternational Law and Regional Initiatives for Combating Human Trafficking in South Asia By Mahmudul Hasan For last few months our attention has been fixed at newspaper headlines that read the news about human trafficking from South Asia distained to Southeast Asian countries–especially to Malaysia and Thailand–through the sea. Evidently, most of the identified trafficked victims, for last few months, are Rohingya Muslims–who are persecuted from their own country, Myanmar–and rests of them are BangladeshiRead MoreCauses and Consequences of Human Trafficking in Haiti Essay1495 Words   |  6 PagesThroughout the globe, whether a country is highly developed or unstable, all countries must face the issue of humanitarian crisis. These misfortunes can be triggered by human action or can occur involuntarily. Ranging from natural disasters, to diseases, to internal or external conflict, each has been proven to be detrimental to the stability of the society. Haiti has recently gotten attention for being simultaneously affected by multiple crises; each of which help s to place Haiti in a trap whichRead MoreHuman Trafficking : An Evolving Global Phenomenon1719 Words   |  7 PagesHuman trafficking is an evolving global phenomenon that lacks adequate attention and information. The global issue has been around for many years, but it has been hidden and kept a secret by so many who knew it was going on. Today, there are â€Å"approximately 800,000 people trafficked across international borders† and many more trafficked from state to state (Richards 155). No longer is human trafficking hiding in the shadows of a small farm or town that is hidden away from a busy city near by. HumanRead MoreHuman Trafficking : An Effective Solution1260 Words   |  6 Pages it. Human trafficking can play a deviating role on both the victim and their family. I want to inform you about the circumstances and the pain caused by human trafficking. Human trafficking is a broad issue and focuses on many areas of abuse and power over another human being. In order for me to inform you more about human trafficking and how to put a stop to it, (1) I need to inform the audience why these acts are done. I can show you how and why other humans do this to one another. (2) I wantRead MoreHuman Trafficking And The Modern Day Slavery Essay1006 Words   |  5 Pagesdiscuss the globalization in human trafficking. The study examines the impact of economic globalization on the human trafficking inflows around the world. This paper will begin by providing the definition of what human trafficking and globalization is, and how it works within the context of law enforcement. The history of human trafficking and how human trafficking is effecting societies across the world. This paper will examine supply and demand of human trafficking. Furthermore, this paper willRead MoreHuman Trafficking1355 Words   |  6 PagesRigdon November 16, 2014 Human Trafficking and its Dire Effects. Human Trafficking in the United States is something not a lot of people discuss. Most think it is only something that happens in third world countries, but in fact could be happening in their hometown. According to Protocol to Prevent, Subdue and Punish Trafficking in Persons, human trafficking in the modern world entails transfer of persons by use of applied force. Other methods used to enforce the trafficking include use of deception

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Educating Rita - 1570 Words

New stages of experience often bring about growth and change in one’s life. As one experiences new phases in their life, change is an implicit part of moving ‘into the world’. This is clearly demonstrated in the play Educating Rita, by Willy Russell, where Rita’s growth and change comes about with her education and experiences in her social, working-class life. The Devil Wears Prada, directed by David Frankes and an interview titled 2 of us, John van Tigglemen, also demonstrate how new stages of experience can bring about growth and change in one’s life leading to a transition into a new world. Growth and change often comes about when new stages of experience allow a transition ‘into the world’. This is illustrated in Educating Rita†¦show more content†¦When Rita returns from summer school Frank is quite surprised at Rita’s confidence and progression. Rita not only has become more confident but she has bought new second hand clothes, a symbol of her growth into the world. We are able to see this change in Rita as she fought her old-self at summer school when approached by a professor in regards to Ferlinghetti. Instead of Rita persisting to say ‘Only when its served with Parmesan cheese’ she holds back and replies with ‘Actually I’m not too familiar with American poets’. This is a clear indication that Rita has changed her ways to move into the world of education and her new life. Rita’s confidence in herself is demonstrated as she tells Frank how often she stood up during lectures and asked question s constantly. Further growth in Rita is seen when she quotes Blake, to Frank’s surprise, and it is evident that Rita has come so far. Frank paved the way for Rita’s transition into the educated world and he now finds it difficult to accept she has successfully made a transition from one world to another and no longer needs to depend on him. Jealousy begins to arise in Frank as Rita is now able to analyse and criticise which Frank does not like. Frank believes he has created a monster one he can no longer control, making an allusion to Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein ‘Oh I’ve done a fine job on you, haven’t I.’ Rita however believes her growth and change has allowed herShow MoreRelated The Character of Rita in Educating Rita1374 Words   |  6 PagesThe Character of Rita in Educating Rita In the play of Educating Rita, which is written by Willy Russell, there is a student aged twenty-six years old who is a hairdresser and also is a working class called Rita. Rita lives with her husband called Denny however Rita and Denny love each other so very much. Denny wants Rita to have a baby but Rita is on a pill to stop from having a baby, but Denny does not know about it, but then finds out later in the play. Rita wants to explore herself andRead MoreEducating Rita By Willy Russell1469 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Educating Rita† written in 1980 by Willy Russell, is a play that explores the way in which a working class Liverpudlian woman, Rita (Susan), follows the change from unhappiness to happiness. The story is a comedy, which revolves around the growing personal relationship between Rita, and her Open University Literature tutor, Dr. Frank Byrant. Russell often mocks many parts of society at a time when the play was set including education, social class and patriarchy. Rita is used to create comedy withinRead More The Humour in Educating Rita Essays1551 Words   |  7 PagesThe Humour in Educating Rita ‘Educating Rita’ is a humorous play that was written by Willy Russell in 1979, based on his own life. It is set in Liverpool and depicts the perseverance of a working class, 26-year-old hairdresser with no qualifications called Susan, or as she is called throughout the play, ‘Rita’, as she tries to ‘discover herself’ by participating in an English literature course at the Open University. Her lecturer, who is from a more middle class background, Frank, is somewhatRead MoreEssay on Educating Rita Into the World Speech720 Words   |  3 Pagesthe World Speech â€Å"Explain how Educating Rita and Step Brothers portray the consequences of moving into the world† When a person moves into the world, they are often met with consequences for seeking this change. Willy Russell’s â€Å"Educating Rita† and Judd Apatow’s â€Å"Step Brothers† portray both positive and negative consequences of this change. Both protagonists experience the change of moving into a new life; however they are met with different consequences. 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Dissertation Research Proposal Free Essays

string(108) " utilitarian approach to ethics but that managers could also develop a deontological approach to marketing\." Dissertation research proposal Table of contents Introduction 1- Problem definition/statement 2-Research goals 3-Research objectives 4-Research hypothesis 5-Dissertation organization Chapter one: Literature review Chapter two: Research methodology -Introduction 1. Recipients of the research 2. Justification of the research 3. We will write a custom essay sample on Dissertation Research Proposal or any similar topic only for you Order Now Research Methodology 3. 1. Research problem area 3. 2. Research question 3. 3. Research objectives 3. 4. Research hypothesis 3. 5. Research design 3. 5. 1. Research philosophy 3. 5. 2. Research approach 5. 3. 3. Research strategy 3. 5. 3. 1. Survey Strategy 3. 5. 4. Research method choice 3. 5. 5. Time horizon 3. 6. Population and Sample 4. Data collection, editing, and findings 4. 1. Date collection 4. 2. Data editing 4. 3. Data coding 4. 4. Limitation -Bibliography Appendices -interview outline -Time management -outline content of literature review -Email for interview -Email for questionnaire -Introduction This section outlines the background of the dissertation. In the first chapter the researcher explains the choice of the topic and the issues. In the second, the researcher will describe the methodology used during the research process 1-Recipients of the research The primary recipients of this thesis are The Dublin Business School in Dublin Through Mr. Gary Bernie, my dissertation supervisor For fulfilment of the MA Marketing 2. Justification of the research 2. 1. Interest for the subject According to Saunders et al (2012:29) one of attributes of a good research topic is that the researcher should be extremely interested and fascinated about the topic 2. 2Academic background The researcher has graduated 2 years ago with a Licence in Humanitarian Science; and a significant side of the science was about the ethics and its positive role on people and communities . 3. Personal background The researcher has a strong interest in marketing ethics as he plans a career in this environment. So he has the motivation to proceed with this paper to conclusion. About the resources, the researcher has access to an Irish environment: people, communication, companies†¦. The researcher is working part-time, so he has a flexible time to carry on his researc h The first chapter Literature review It is my belief that good marketing is ethical marketing. Good marketing is about satisfying and developing a long-term relationship with our customers. Caring about your customers not only results in profits, it is the ethical thing to do. Deceiving customers may help a firm’s profits in the short-run, but is not the way to build a successful business. Marylyn Carrigan,  Lecturer, University of Birmingham, Department of Commerce, Birmingham, UK 1- Marketing ethics concepts and theories Business ethics’ definition Business ethics can be defined as â€Å"a set of principles that guides business practices to reflect a concern for society as a whole while pursuing profits, Nisberg, 1988 (cited from: Maureen Kilcullen, Judith Ohles Kooistra, (1999) The shame side of marketing Of all the management fields, marketing is probably that which seems the most Contradictable when it comes to ethical aspect. As Smith and Quelch (1993, p. 188) suggest that some of the most fundamental concepts in marketing, when looked at Afresh, raise important ethical issues (cited from Klein Thomas, 2011) According to Marylyn Carrigan, et al (2005) In later years marketing thought has focused upon the subject of marketing ethics, and in the 1980s there was a flurry of activity by marketing scholars who attempted to evaluate conceptually the nature and role of marketing ethics. Moreover, Carrigan (2005) gave many examples of scholars discussed the issue, such as, Ferrell and Gresham (1985) developed their contingency framework to evaluate ethical decision-making in a marketing organisation, Hunt and Chonko (1984) conducted their survey on ethical dilemmas for marketing managers, and the ethical problems faced by marketing researchers. Marketing ethics philosophy Ethical marketing is about whether firms marketing decision is morally right or wrong. The morality of the marketing decision can include any part of marketing from advertising to the pricing of product or service, to the sourcing of raw materials. Like many authors, Beauchamp (1980) divided the major philosophical trends in ethics into two categories; the utilitarian approach and the deontological approach. In the utilitarian approach, the notion of ethics is related to the consequences of an action. According to this approach, the manager will attempt to produce the greatest possible amount of positive value or the smallest possible amount of negative value for the consumers affected. In the other side, the deontological approach, based on the work of the philosopher Emmanuel Kant, this approach does not consider so much the consequences of an act, but pays a lot of intention to the manner in which the act is performed (cited from Jacques Nantel et al, 1996). Definition is the problem According to Peter Drucker (1973) marketing is a discipline which provokes much debate. Very often, this controversy is linked to a lack of understanding of what the actual definition of marketing is. One definition of marketing, very often used is: â€Å"Marketing is human activity directed at satisfying needs and wants through exchange process; Kotler and Turner, 1981(cited from Jacques Nantel et al 1996) Jacques Nantel et al (1996) suggests that The most striking feature of this definition is its almost entirely utilitarian aspect, If we apply foundations of the utilitarian approach in ethics, one knows that an action is only ethical if it maximizes the positive consequences for the greatest number of people while at the same time minimizing negative consequences to the smallest number. An interesting case is that of sugar On the one hand, it is true that sugar is a product which responds to a gustatory need, but what about its medical and dental effect. Jacques Nantel et al (1996) states that In order to extend both the range and the degree of marketing ethics, several authors (Fraedrich  et al. , 1991; Laczniak and Murphy, 1985; Martin, 1985) have suggested that we take into account not only the utilitarian criterion which is satisfaction but also the means used to obtain this satisfaction. Suggesting a solution towards this issue Jacques Nantel states that marketing, by its very definition, is principally grounded on a utilitarian approach to ethics but that managers could also develop a deontological approach to marketing. You read "Dissertation Research Proposal" in category "Essay examples" The reason for this development that the consumer is no longer merely concerned with the satisfaction obtained from a product or service, but also with the way in which this product or service is obtained. Consider, for example, the boycotting of certain products (Canadian paper products by German consumer. According to Jacques Nantel points out there is much reason to believe that the marketing function will turn towards a deontological approach for the simple reason that, Today there is a more concerted attack from well-organised activists in the form of protest groups such as Greenpeace, Friends of the Earth or the UK Consumers Association. The Internet has opened up a route for international groups of consumers and interested bodies to co-ordinate their activity globally, and this can be seen in Web sites such as www. saigon. com/nike, the homepage of the Boycott Nike campaign, or www. mcspotlight. org the homepage of the McDonalds boycott. In response, large organisations that had previously believed themselves immune from such activity find themselves now having to defend themselves against their global critics on their own company Web sites. Marylyn Carrigan, Ahmad Attalla, 2001) The researcher does not see a major difference between the suggestions was produced by Fraedrich, Laczniak and Murphy (the code of ethics) and Jacques’s notion, both of them are concerned regarding the means, the means should be as ethical as the aim, but the question which will be appearing and rising, who will determine these means, is it the marketing or the consumer or the law, who will judge these means by saying there are ethic al or not. 2-The negative effect on marketing for ignoring the safety, health, and the environmental standards in children soft drinks Your brand is your lifeblood If we foul up with consumers, we do our industry considerable damage. If you put out unsafe products you will be found out, somebody will get hurt, and you will get a massively bad reputation. If you openly exploit children and you mislead children, you will be found out. We go over and above to make sure that our products are built, manufactured in the right way, because if we don’t, we lose forty or fifty years of all the hard work that we’ve built up in actually establishing these brands, because they are our lifeblood. We don’t do anything that would leave us open to suspicion, because it is not worth it; we don’t need to operate that way. We’ve built our reputation on doing things the right way, so we don’t do anything by the back door Stephen Hogan (2007) -Marketing ethics or pay the price There is evidence that companies do suffer commercially from boycotts, Shell were estimated to have lost between 20 per cent and 50 per cent of their sales during the Brent Spar boycott (Klein, 2000), and the Nestle boycott is said to have cost the firm $40 million (Nelson-Horchler, 1984). Gelb (1995) argues the power of consumer boycotts is increasing. . It has also been found that 44 per cent of the British public have boycotted a product for ethical reasons in the last 12 months (Mason, 2000). Marylyn Carrigan, Ahmad Attalla, (2001) Marketers are encouraged to behave in an ethical manner because information about a firm’s ethical behaviours is thought to influence product sales and consumers’ image of the company (Mascarenhas, 1995). A recent MORI poll commissioned by the Co-operative Bank in the UK suggests that one-third of consumers are â€Å"seriously concerned† with ethical issues (Mason, 2000). Within the past year, over half had bought a product or recommended a company on the basis of its ethical reputation. Smith (1995)  argues that we are now living in the â€Å"ethics era†, whereby society’s expectations of marketers have changed and we face challenges to basic marketing assumptions. Consumers are better informed, more educated and awareness is greater of consumer rights and product requirements at least in western society. Legislation has also played a part in raising consumer expectations of marketing behaviour used at the prospect of such uncharted territory -Marketing ethics or you loss long-term prospects Two Studies of scientific literature showed that ethics in the Marketing system is very important and in order to ensure good long-term prospects of the organization, it is necessary to maintain a high level of organizational moral. Ethical decisions stimulate public confidence and allow creating a favourable image of the organization, to maintain good relationship with market partners; they also increase competitiveness and the effectiveness of the marketing program (Vysniauskiene, V. Kundrotas (1999) -Four reasons to join marketing ethics Stanton, M. J. Etzel, B. J. Walker pointed out four main reasons Why marketing specialists must behave ethically: First reason; is that ethical marketing may help to increase a declining trust of society. Marketing prestige in the eyes of many people is down. Doubtful activities that are periodically made public also add to problematic issues of consumers. Despite its manifestation only in a small marketing share, reputation of all marketing specialists does suffer. So, it is very important to business leaders to demonstrate ethical responsibility assuredly. Second reason, why marketing specialists must behave ethically is that such behaviour may allow bypassing an increasing regulation of the Government. Apathy, resistance or evidence of unethical behaviour in business Directly increases a possibility of the Governmental regulation. Third reason; ethical marketing helps to regain public confidence Fourth reason, ethical behaviour allows organizations to preserve their image. The second chapter The research Methodology -Introduction 1-Recipients of the research The primary recipients of this thesis are The Dublin Business School in Dublin Through Mr. Gary Bernie, my dissertation supervisor For fulfilment of the MA Marketing 2. Justification of the research 2. 1. Interest for the subject According to Saunders et al (2012:29) one of attributes of a good research topic is that the researcher should be extremely interested and fascinated about the topic 2. 2Academic background The researcher has graduated 2 years ago with a Licence in Humanitarian Science and a significant side of the science was about the ethics and its positive role on people and communities 2. 3. Personal background The researcher has a strong interest in marketing ethics as he plans a career in this environment. So he has the motivation to proceed with this paper to conclusion. About the resources, the researcher has access to an Irish environment: people, communication, companies†¦. The researcher is working part-time, so he has a flexible time to carry on his research 3. Research Methodology 3. 1 Research problem area Kumar (2011:48) argues that drawing up research problem is the most critical part of the research process, and the reason for this is because the quality and relevance of research rely on it The topic of the thesis has been chosen according to Saunders’s guidelines. According Saunders, et al (2012:28) attributes of a good research topic should: -Fulfil your examiner’s requirements -Something you are able to deal with and enhance your creativity – develop your research skills The researcher should: – Have enough time, money, and resources for proceeding -Be able to link his topic to academic theories -Have access to information he needs The research problem area of this dissertation is about two main subjects: – Marketing ethics n children soft drink – The negative effect on marketing for ignoring Health, safety, and environmental standards The major goal is to study and analysis the negative side on marketing for ignoring safety, health, and environmental standards in children soft drink and how marketing should response to this ethical issue. 3. 2. Research question Saunders et al (2012:40) argues the researcher should developed clear conclusion from the data he gathered so that he can introduce research quest ion. The question must be involved enough so that can generate the required standards of the project The research question for this dissertation is: To what degree ignoring health, safety, and environmental standards in children soft drinks affecting the Marketing, and how Marketing should response to this ethical issue? 3. 3. Research objectives Kumar (2011) declares that the main objective is a general statement of the study and statement of the main associations and relations that you search to find and track down. The sub objective is the certain parts of the topic that you want explore within the main framework of your study. According to Saunders (2012) writing useful research objectives requires: -Transparency: the meaning of the objectives is clear Specificity (the aim of the objectives is clear and understood – Relevancy: the objectives linked to the research questions) – Interconnectivity: objectives explain the research process from the beginning to the conclusion – Answerability: the result of the research is achievable – Measurability: the aim of the research objective will be clear when i t is achieved The general objectives are: -To measure the level of negative effectiveness of ignoring marketing ethics in children soft drink -To define marketing ethics -To understand marketing ethics To explore how consumer react towards the ethical marketing issues -To determine if the marketing has responsibility in this ethical issue or not -To explain how marketing professionals should respond to tackle this ethical problem -To determine the advantages of applying ethics in marketing ethics The personal objectives are: * To learn how to set up a Master Level Dissertation * To learn more about marketing ethics and health and health and safety in children soft drink * To learn how to set up an interview * To improve the researcher knowledge regarding Qualitative and quantitative research * To validate the dissertation . 4. Research hypothesis According to Grinnell (1988:200) â€Å"A hypothesis is written in such a written in certain way that can be proven or disproven by valid and reliable data- it is in order to obtain these data that we perform our study† (cited from Kumar 2011:83) Kumar (2011) also defined couple of considerations to keep in mind when constructing a hypothesis: * A hypothesis should be simple, specific, and clear * A hypothesis should be capable of verification * A hypothesis should be related to the existing body of knowledge * A hypothesis should be operationalisable; it can be expressed in terms that can be measured Figure one: the process of testing Hypothesis Source: Kumar (2011) Research Methodology Phase 1| | Phase 2| | Phase 3| FormulateYour hunch or assumption| | Collect the requireData| | AnalysisData toDraw conclusion about that hunch- true or false| | | | | | The hypotheses set up for this dissertation are: H1: Ethical marketing is about whether firms marketing decision is morally right or wrong H2: Marketing ethics is significantly rising within marketing organization H3: Marketing ethics is facing serious problems H4: Ignoring marketing ethics will have negative effect and damage on marketing H5: Taking care of marketing ethics would lead to positive impact on the marketing H6: The numbers of consumers who have some concern about the negative consequences of marketing are increasing 3. 5. Research design Saunders et al, (2012:159) describes the research design as the general plan of how the researcher will go about answering your research questions. Saunders et al, (2012) pointed out three types of research design: * Exploratory studies Descriptive studies * Explanatory studies For my dissertation, it will be used two types of research design: exploratory and Descriptive Exploratory studies: is valuable mean to ask open questions to discover what is happening, also it is useful if you wish to clarify your understanding of problem. One of its advantages that it is fixable and adaptable to change Descriptive studies: the object of this study is to gain an accurate profile of events, persons or s ituations (Saunders2012) 3. 5. 1 Research philosophy According to Saunders (2012) there are three major ways of thinking about research philosophy: * Epistemology: positivism-realism-interpretivism * Ontology: Objectivism-subjectivism * Axiology The research philosophies have been chosen for this research positivism. According to Gill and Johnson (2010) if your research philosophy reflects positivism then you prefer collecting data about an observation reality and search for regularities and casual relationships in your data to create generalizations like those produced by scientists (cited from Saunders, 2012) 3. 5. Research approach According to Saunders (2012) there are three types of research approach: The deductive approach: It is a dominant research approach in the natural science, a theory and hypothesis are developed and a research strategy Designed to test the hypothesis Blaikie (2010) lists six steps of the approach’s process 1- Put forward a hypothesis or set of hypotheses to form a theory 2- By using existing literat ure, deduce a testable proposition 3- Examine the logic of the argument, compare the argument with existing theories to notice any advanced understanding. If it does, then continue 4- Test the logic by collecting appropriate data to measure the concepts and analysing it 5- If the result of the analysis is not consistent with the premises, and then the theory is false 6- If the result of the analysis is consistent with the premises then the theory is corroborated (cited from Saunders, 2012:145) -The inductive approach – The abductive approach For this project, the best approach is the deductive approach because the researcher uses existing theories and models to find data in order to check his hypotheses and explain the different phenomenon . 5. 3 Research strategy According to Saunders (2012) the key to your choice of research strategy is that you have to achieve a reasonable level of coherence through your research design which will enable you answer your research questions and meet your objectives. Moreover, Saunders describes eight types of research strategies: – Experiment – Survey – Archival Research â €“ Case Study – Ethnography – Action Research – Grounded Theory – Narrative Inquiry For this project, the researcher will combined two different strategies: a survey strategy and Interview 3. 5. 3. 1. Survey Strategy According to Saunders et al (2012) Survey using questionnaires is popular. Survey strategy allows you to collect quantitative data which you can analyse using descriptive and inferential statistics. Also can suggest possible reasons for particular relationships between variables and produce models of these relationships. According to Burns et al (2006) there are five advantages of Survey: – Surveys provide for standardization – Easy to administer – Help to uncover unseen data – Easy to analyse – Reveal subgroup differences For this research, the questionnaire will be administered in person. Saunders et al (2012) stated that Survey is used for exploratory and descriptive research. In this project, the questionnaire will be administered to adult population (over 18) for knowing the level of negative effect on marketing for ignoring health, safety, and environmental standards in children soft drink, and what marketing should response to this ethical issue Saunders (2012) mentioned some advantages of using survey strategy: – gives more control over the research process – Low cost – Data collected is less wide-ranging – Limited questions number – Allowing easy comparison – Easy to explain and understand 3. 5. 3. 2. Interview According to Saunders (2012) there are three categories of interview -structured interview, identical set of questions (standardised) -semi-structured interviews; interviews are non-standardised, the researcher will have a list of themes and some key questions to be covered -unstructured interviews; you use it to explore in depth a general area in which you are interested This researcher in this project will take non-standardised interview (semi-structured and unstructured interviews) According to King (2004) unstandardised interviews referred as qualitative research interviews (cited from Saunders 2012) The researcher will take face to face interview and one to one, in public places for consumers. 3. 5. 4 Research method choice Quantitative method; generally associated with positivism, and often used as a synonym for any data collection technique (such as questionnaire) or data analysis procedure (such as graphs or statistics) that generates or uses numerical data, Qualitative method; generally associated with an interpretive, and often used as a synonym for any data collection technique (such as an interview) or data analysis procedure (such as categories data) that generates or uses non-numerical data According to Blumberg et al, (2008: 218) in business research, qualitative as well as quantitative are appropriate for investigating business research problem What matters is not the choice between quantitative and qualitative, but the quality of the research design and how well the study is conducted This research will take both research methods Qualitative: Interview Quantitative: Questionnaire 3. 5. 5Time horizon Saunders (2012) identified two types of time horizon, and emphasis that the researcher should ask himself: Do I want my research to be at particular time? Or Do I want to be more related to dairy or events over a given period? -longitudinal: the main strength of this research is its capacity to study change and development -cross-sectional studies: The research will be the study of a certain phenomenon at a certain time. As this dissertation must be on restricted time, therefore, the time horizon will be cross-sectional study 3. 6. Population and Sample Saunders (2012) emphasise that it is impossible for you to collect or to analyse all data available to you owing to restriction of time, money, and access. Moreover S states that sampling techniques enable you to reduce the amount of data you need to collect by considering only data from a subgroup rather than all possible elements According to Becker (1998) in selecting a sample to study, it should represent the full set of cases in a way that is meaningful and which we can justify (cited from Saunders 2012) the full set of cases from which a sample is taken is called the population According to Saunders (2012) we should not assume that collecting data from every group(census)data from entire population would be more useful than collecting data from sample which represent the entire population because sampling provides a valid alternative to a According to Kinnear et al, (1996) the advantage of sampling rather than conducting a census is: – Saving money – Saving time – More accurate information – Avoiding the destruction of all element in the population According Teresa Brannick (1997) element refers to the subject in which we have a particular interest and population refers to the complete set of particular type of element 4. Data collection, editing, and findings The next step will be what to do with this information. How the information should be analysed, and proven. . 1. Data collection methods 4. 1. 1 Quantitative approach According to Saunders (2012:458) questionnaire must: – identify the form and layout – Pilot tested prior to their delivery -specify the information needed -the validity and reliability of your data dependents on the design of your questions -consider the wording of individual questions -arrange the question in the proper order 4. 1. 2 Qualitative approach In- depth interview According to Saunders (2012) the interviewer must be: -In proper appearance, -Use different types of questions, – In good behaviour -Good listening -Record data accurately -Able to deal with difficult participant Scope to summarise and understand -Open comments when the interview commences Interview advantages: – Flexibility. – Control of the interview situation. – High response rate. Interview disadvantages: – Higher cost – Interviewer bias – Lack of anonymity 4. 2. Data editing Data have to be edited, especially when they relate to responses to open-ended questions of interviews and questionnaires. In other words, information that may have been noted by interviewer or researcher in a hurry must be clearly deciphered so that it may be coded systematically in its entire. Lack of clarity at this stage will result later in confusion Sekaran (2003) 4. 2. 1. Questionnaire According to deVaus (2002) questionnaire is a method of data collection in which each person is asked to respond to the same set of questions in predetermine order (cited from Saunders, 2012) According to Malhotra et al (2006) questionnaire has three objectives: -Translate the information needed to a set of questions – Should be written to minimize demands imposed on respondents – Should minimize response error Saunders stated that questionnaire is one of the most widely used data collection method within the survey strategy. He emphasise that questionnaire should has precise data so that can answer your question and achieve your objective. Moreover, he gave some guidelines in order to maximise your response rate: -Carful design of individual questions -Clear and pleasing layout -Explanation of the purpose of the questionnaire -Pilot testing Carefully planned and executed delivery and return of -completed questionnaire The researcher followed recommendations from severa l authors in particular from Cooper (2003p456) to have the best data possible by examining answers of questions given to find, if some question were forgotten or half answered or illegibly 4. 2. 2. Semi-structured interview According to Kumar (2011) we must: -Check the data is free from inconsistencies and incompleteness -Practice for interview Kumar (2011) prefers for editing data is to examine all responses given to all the questions by one respondent at a time The researcher will use an audio tape during interview as well as hand written notes to avoid problems of editing 4. 3. Data Coding According to cooper et al (2003) coding is the process of assigning numbers and other symbols to answers so we can classify them to categories. According to Saunders (2012) all data type should be recorded using numerical codes. This enables you to enter data quickly and with few errors. It also makes subsequent analyses. He recommended using existing coding scheme as they: * Save time * Well tested * Allow comparison of your results with others These codes should be included on your data collection form as pre-set codes A code book as defined by Saunders is a complete list of all the codes used to code data variable. 4. 3. 1 Questionnaire Closed questions: To analyze quantitative data Kumar (2011:257) presented four steps: -developing a code book -pre-testing the code book -coding the data verifying the code data Opened questions: There are three ways proposed by Kumar (2011: 256) to cope with the main theme found: -To examine verbatim Reponses and integrate them with text of the report to either support or contradict the argument -to assign code to each theme and count how frequently each has occurred -to combine both meth ods to communicate findings The researcher combined methods to get the best information and to be more accurate and effective 4. 3. 2. Semi-structured interview Kumar (2011: 278) explained the process as following: -Identifying the main theme -assign cedes to the main theme -classify responses under the main theme Integrate themes and responses into the text of your report 4. 4. Limitation Qualitative research Quantitative research The references -Marketing research within a changing information, Hair Joseph et al, 2003) – Research methods for business students, Mark saunders et al, London,2012 -Marketing research, Alvin c Burns et al, New Jersey, 2006 – Basic Marketing research, Naresh K Malhotra et al, New Jersey, 2006 – Marketing research, Thomas C Kinnear, U. S. A, 1996 – Marketing research, Kumar, Gorge, 2011, third edition, London, sage publication -business research methods, Boris Blumberg et al, 2008, – Business research methods, Teresa bra nnick et al,1997,u. c. -research and writing dissertation, Colin fish, 2004,U. K -management research, Mark smith, 2008, London -Cross-Cultural Evaluation Laczniak, Gene R. , Journal of Public Policy ; Marketing, 07439156, Spring93, Vol. 12, Issue -http://www. learnmarketing. net/ethicalmarketing. htm – Marketing to children, Sharon Beder, Citation: Sharon Beder, New College Institute for Values Research, Sydney, 1998, pp. 101-111 – American Market associationhttp://www. marketingpower. com/_layouts/Dictionary. aspx? dLetter=M – The myth of the ethical consumer – do ethics matter in purchase behaviour? Marylyn Carrigan, Ahmad Attalla, (2001) Journal of Consumer Marketing, Vol. 18 Iss: 7, pp. 60 – 578 -Marketing Ethics: Onward Toward Greater Expectations. Laczniak, Gene R. Journal of Public Policy ; Marketing. Spring93, Vol. 12 Issue 1, p91-96. 6p. -Marketing ethics: is there more to it than the utilitarian approach? Jacques Nantel; William A. Weeks . European Journal of Marketing, Jan 1, 1996, Vol. 30, Issue 5 – Paul Cowell, The Marketing Review, 2001, 2, 71-87 – Marylyn Carrigan, Svetla Marinova, Isabelle Szmigin, (2005) â€Å"Ethics and international marketing: Research background and challenges†, International Marketing Review, Vol. 22 Iss: 5, pp. 481 – 493 -: Twedt, Dik Warren. Journal of Marketing. Oct63, Vol. 27 Issue 4, p48-50. 3p. Children and business: pluralistic ethics of marketers,Michelle Bergadaa, Faculty of Economic and Social Sciences, HEC – University of Geneva, Geneva, – Sharpen up your soft options. Batham, Matthew, Caterer ; Hotelkeeper; 10/14/2004, Vol. 193 Issue 4345, p70-70, 1p, 1 Color Photograph -Business of ethics, Laura P. Hartman,2005, third edition. -Business of ethics, John Fraedrich, Linda Ferrell, 4 edition,2000. -Ethics and conduct of business, John R Boatright,2006,5edition -Business ethics, Andrew Crane, 2007, 2 edition. Appendixes Appendix1 Letter as king for an Interview Dear I am completing a master in Marketing with Dublin Business School and I am setting up a research. You are invited to participate in a research study. The purpose of this study is to understand the reactions of the customers towards the marketing for ignoring the safety and health in children soft drinks. I am asking you to help me by allowing an interview to discuss about this issue. I would like to share your opinions and ideas about the above subject the interview will take about 15 minutes. Could you please contact me or give another contact which could be able to answer my questions. Your participation is vital for the study, for my dissertation and for my graduation If you have any quiries please feel free to contact me on 0851229419 or by Email at alzleetny@yahoo. com I hope to hear from you soon Thank you for taking time to help Fawzi alshike 9 drinaghmore court Ballyogan Appendix 2 A letter asking to fill the questionnaire Dear all I am completing a master in Marketing with Dublin Business School and I am setting up a research. You are invited to participate in a research study. The purpose of this study is to understand the reactions of the customers towards the marketing for ignoring the safety and health in children soft drinks. So I am asking for your help in completing the enclosed questionnaires which is part of my research. Your response is important in enabling me to obtain as full as understanding as possible of this topical issue. The questionnaire should only take about 5 minutes to complete. Please ensure the questions in the space provided. If you want to add further comments, please feel free to do so. Your participation is vital for the study, for my research and for my graduation. Please send me back the questionnaire to my personal Email. Pleas fill out the questionnaire by the 20 of this month. Thank you for taking time to help me. Fawzi alshike fawzionly@gmail. com Appendix 3 Outline of my literature review 1- The marketing ethics concepts and theories 2- The negative side on marketing for ignoring the health and safety in children soft drink Appendix 4 Timetable management 1 –their opinion about the health and safety in children soft drink 3- is marketing responsible for this ethical issue 4- -what should marketing do to tackle the problem – How to cite Dissertation Research Proposal, Essays